Telugu-Kannada script Kannada-Telugu script
Copper plate inscriptions in Kannada–Telugu script
Script type	Abugida
Time period	7th century –14th century [1] [2]
Direction	Left-to-right
Languages	Kannada Telugu Tulu Konkani Sanskrit
Related scripts
Parent systems	Proto-Sinaitic script[a] Phoenician alphabet[a] Aramaic alphabet[a] Brahmi script[a] Bhattiprolu script [3] [4] [5] Kadamba script Telugu-Kannada script
Child systems	Kannada script, Telugu script
Sister systems	Pyu
[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The Telugu–Kannada script (or Kannada–Telugu script) was a writing system used in Southern India. Despite some significant differences, the scripts used for the Telugu and Kannada languages remain quite similar and highly mutually intelligible. Satavahanas and Chalukyas influenced the similarities between Telugu and Kannada scripts. ^[6]

History

The Dravidian family comprises about 73 languages including Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam. Satavahanas introduced the Brahmi to present-day Telugu and Kannada-speaking regions. Bhattiprolu script introduced by the Satavahanas gave rise to the Kadamba script. ^{[7] [4] [5]} But according to Georg Bühler these nonstandard consonant characters of Bhattiprolu can hardly be dismissed as mere "mistakes" on the part of the engraver. All in all, it seems more likely that the Bhattiprolu script represents a provincial offshoot of early Brahmi in the south, rather than a separate line of development from a hypothetical Semitic prototype itself, as Bühler believed. ^[8]

During the 5th to 7th centuries the early Bādāmi Chālukyās and early Banavasi Kadambās used an early form of the Kadamba script in inscriptions. ^[9] When Chalukya empire extended towards Telugu speaking regions they established another branch in Vengi, namely the Eastern Chalukyas or the Chalukyas of Vengi who later introduced Kadamba script to Telugu language which developed into the Telugu-Kannada script which was used between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. ^[1]

Between 1100 CE and 1400 CE, the Telugu and Kannada scripts separated from the Telugu-Kannada script. Both the Telugu and Kannada scripts were standardised at the beginning of the nineteenth century. ^[10]

Comparison

The following sections visualize the difference between modern-day Telugu and Kannada styles.

Consonants

There is another legacy consonant ೞ/ఴ (ḻa) used to represent /ɻa/, but currently not in use.

Vowels

Independent vowels

Numerals

Unicode

Although the alphabets for Telugu and Kannada languages could have been encoded under a single Unicode block with language-specific fonts to differentiate the styles, they were encoded separately by the governments due to socio-political reasons. Both the script variants were added to the Unicode Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

See also

• Culture of Andhra Pradesh § Literature
• Kannada inscriptions
• Palaeography § South India
• Linguistic history of the Indian subcontinent
• Pallava script

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

• Evolution of Telugu-Kannada script
• Salankayana Telugu-Kannada script
• Copper plates in Telugu-Kannada script

• Kakatiya period Telugu-Kannada inscription
• Bayyaram stone inscription

• Development of Telugu -Kannada script
• Telugu Script Evolution - Brahmi to Vijayanagara script