Naomi Klein attributes the origin of the term Blockadia, which describes a global anti-extractivist movement to the hour-long documentary Blockadia Rising (2013) that Tar Sands Blockade produced to describe the dangers of tar sands extraction and highlight their direct actions.[6]
The group occupied blockades for 86 days in 2012, forcing
TransCanada to reroute the pipeline.[6]
Political and environmental issues
TransCanada, a
multinational corporation, was building the Gulf Coast Project section of the
Keystone XL with the go ahead from the
Obama administration in 2012.[7]
This section of the pipeline passed from Oklahoma through East Texas into the Gulf. Anti-pipeline
activists and environmental organizations claimed that probable pipe spillage would threaten groundwater,
ecosystems, surrounding lands, employment, and the economy.[8][9] The pipeline would cross 631 streams and wetlands in Texas, including not the
Sulphur River and the entire
Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer, which is the water supply for 12 million homes in East Texas.[10]
A
whistleblower, Evan Vokes, came forward about TransCanada in mid-October, 2012, to confirm allegations of regulatory non-compliance.[11]