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Borrowed from CNN http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/players/riley/
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This edit request by an editor with a conflict of interest was declined. The request was not formatted correctly. (See reply post below for more information.) |
Hi there. I am a freelance marketer who has been hired by the Riley Institute at Furman University. My COI and disclosure as a paid editor are on my user page. Pending editor review, I'm requesting the addition of a section titled "Education policy as governor" on the Wikipedia article for
Richard Riley. Thank you very much for your time!
Specific text to be added:
Education policy as governor
In the early 1980s, South Carolina ranked near or at the bottom among states for a variety of education and quality-of-life indicators, including 47th in percentage of high school graduates, 49th in per capita income, and 50th in SAT scores.1
Previously, in 1977, the state passed the Education Finance Act (EFA), which put into place a fiscal foundation for the funding of public schools and equalized the weighted per-pupil distribution of state funds across districts. Expanding upon the EFA, Riley sought to address student achievement gaps and a lagging economy through education reform during his time as governor.
Initially, he attempted to push through a modest school improvement proposal in the 1983 session of the General Assembly. The bill failed to pass due to concerns over its proposed tax increase and its incremental approach.
Later that year, however, the United States National Commission on Excellence in Education published A Nation at Risk, a report that called for significant reform to the United States education system. Leveraging the widespread sense of urgency spurred by the report, Riley drew up a political strategy that bolstered bipartisan interest in a new, more ambitious bill that mobilized both the grassroots and the “grasstops.”2
Riley’s team appealed directly to the public by hosting more than 13,000 South Carolina residents in a series of public forums across the state. Among its grasstops efforts, the campaign appointed high-level business, political, and education leaders to committees, one that focused on the financing of the legislation and another that focused on the concerns and desires of the business community.
With the legislative proposal calling for a penny-on-the-dollar sales tax increase, the grassroots campaign operated under the slogan, “A penny for their thoughts.” Sixty-two percent of respondents in a statewide public opinion poll conducted in July 1983 supported increasing the state sales tax to raise additional money for education, if needed.3
Prior to the start of the 1984 legislative session, only 22 of 124 South Carolina House of Representatives members supported the bill, largely due to the proposed tax increase, which is what contributed to the demise of Riley’s original school improvement proposal.4 Riley’s legislative allies broke the proposal down into parts to offer rationale and gain support for each of its provisions before turning attention to the cost of the entire package.5 After several revisions, the proposal passed 70-16 in the South Carolina House6 before passing 32-19 in the South Carolina Senate.7
The South Carolina Education Improvement Act (EIA) of 1984 was signed into law on June 28, 1984. The EIA authorized more than 60 provisions aimed at incentivizing high performance among students and teachers and increasing accountability and oversight in districts and schools.
Rolled out over the course of five years, provisions included new programs to help underperforming students improve in reading, math, and science; teacher and principal incentive pay programs; and a school improvement award program.
Impact
In 1989, a report commissioned by one of the state’s oversight bodies found that gains were made in a variety of key performance areas:8
South Carolina saw considerable economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s after the passage of the EIA. Between 1984 and 1993, more than 185 foreign companies established operations in the state, generating more than 40,000 new jobs.9
Legacy
A study by the RAND Corporation, a global policy think tank, pronounced the EIA as “the most comprehensive single piece of legislation improving education to come out of any state.”10
In 2008, the legislature approved a cut in the state’s overall education spending. EIA monies have since been used to pay for education expenditures that were previously covered by general fund revenues; however, the EIA account continues to be maintained as a separate, dedicated revenue line for education in the state. As of fiscal year 2021-22, the EIA generates nearly $900 million in new monies annually. 11
As a result of his efforts, Riley was dubbed as South Carolina’s “Education Governor.”12
Reason for the change:
The South Carolina Education Improvement Act is noteworthy, regarded as one of the most comprehensive education reform efforts to occur at the state level. The legislation helped lay the groundwork for Riley's later appointment to the post of United States Secretary of Education.
References supporting change:
1 Saunders Huguley, Sally. “ Rallying Education Activism From The Grassroots Up: A Case Study of The South Carolina Education Improvement Act of 1984”. 2016. University of South Carolina, Doctoral dissertation. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
2 Saffold, Robert. A People's Movement. The Riley Institute at Furman University, 2023. pp. 14-16. ISBN 9780578358567. 3 Sayles, Jr., F. “Poll Respondents Support Tax Hike for Better Schools,” The Charleston (South Carolina) News and Courier, September 8, 1983.
4 "Taking Root: Lessons Learned for Sustaining the College- and Career-Ready Agenda". Achieve, September 2, 2009. p. 7. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
5 Saffold, Robert. A People's Movement. The Riley Institute at Furman University, 2023. pp. 14-16. ISBN 9780578358567.
6 S.C. House Journal. 105th General Assembly., 2nd sess., January 10, 1984.
7 S.C. Senate Journal. 105th General Assembly., 2nd sess., January 10, 1984.
8 Richard W. Riley Institute, Record Group 18/008, Furman University Archives, Greenville, SC.
9 "Taking Root: Lessons Learned for Sustaining the College- and Career-Ready Agenda". Achieve, September 2, 2009. p. 7. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
10 "The best governor in America - and you've never heard of him. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
11 Saffold, Robert. A People's Movement. The Riley Institute at Furman University, 2023. p. 9. ISBN 9780578358567.
12 Self, Jamie. "Dick Riley: From 'Young Turk' to SC's 'Education Governor'". The State, December 28, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
Earlgrayandprose ( talk) 14:41, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
In the extended section below titled Citation style, I have illustrated two examples: one showing how the edit request was submitted, and another showing how requests should be submitted in the future:
Citation style
|
---|
In the example above there are three references provided with the claim statements, but these references have not been placed using Citation Style 1, which is the style predominantly used by the Richard Riley article. None of the parts of the reference have been placed under individual named parameters. Instead, the entire reference has been placed outside of <ref> notes. Using CS1, the WikiFormatted text should resemble the following:
In the example above the references have been formatted according to Citation Style 1, which places each source's information under individual citation templates (e.g., |
Kindly submit a new edit request below this reply post at your earliest convenience, taking care to ensure that it makes use of CS1. If you have any questions about this formatting please don't hesitate to ask myself or another editor.
Notes
References
Guideline: It is normal practice to defer to the style used by the first major contributor or adopted by the consensus of editors already working on the page, unless a change in consensus has been achieved. If the article you are editing is already using a particular citation style, you should follow it.
Regards, Spintendo 21:31, 8 October 2023 (UTC)
This edit request by an editor with a conflict of interest has now been answered. |
Thank you for the clarification on CS1, @ Spintendo. I have reformatted the references and am resubmitting the COI edit request below. I appreciate your time and am happy to provide any additional clarification
Specific text to be added:
Education policy as governor
In the early 1980s, South Carolina ranked near or at the bottom among states for a variety of education and quality-of-life indicators, including 47th in percentage of high school graduates, 49th in per capita income, and 50th in SAT scores.1
Previously, in 1977, the state passed the Education Finance Act (EFA), which put into place a fiscal foundation for the funding of public schools and equalized the weighted per-pupil distribution of state funds across districts. Expanding upon the EFA, Riley sought to address student achievement gaps and a lagging economy through education reform during his time as governor.
Initially, he attempted to push through a modest school improvement proposal in the 1983 session of the General Assembly. The bill failed to pass due to concerns over its proposed tax increase and its incremental approach.
Later that year, however, the United States National Commission on Excellence in Education published A Nation at Risk, a report that called for significant reform to the United States education system. Leveraging the widespread sense of urgency spurred by the report, Riley drew up a political strategy that bolstered bipartisan interest in a new, more ambitious bill that mobilized both the grassroots and the “grasstops.”2
Riley’s team appealed directly to the public by hosting more than 13,000 South Carolina residents in a series of public forums across the state. Among its grasstops efforts, the campaign appointed high-level business, political, and education leaders to committees, one that focused on the financing of the legislation and another that focused on the concerns and desires of the business community.
With the legislative proposal calling for a penny-on-the-dollar sales tax increase, the grassroots campaign operated under the slogan, “A penny for their thoughts.” Sixty-two percent of respondents in a statewide public opinion poll conducted in July 1983 supported increasing the state sales tax to raise additional money for education, if needed.3
Prior to the start of the 1984 legislative session, only 22 of 124 South Carolina House of Representatives members supported the bill, largely due to the proposed tax increase, which is what contributed to the demise of Riley’s original school improvement proposal.4 Riley’s legislative allies broke the proposal down into parts to offer rationale and gain support for each of its provisions before turning attention to the cost of the entire package.5 After several revisions, the proposal passed 70-16 in the South Carolina House6 before passing 32-19 in the South Carolina Senate.7
The South Carolina Education Improvement Act (EIA) of 1984 was signed into law on June 28, 1984. The EIA authorized more than 60 provisions aimed at incentivizing high performance among students and teachers and increasing accountability and oversight in districts and schools.
Rolled out over the course of five years, provisions included new programs to help underperforming students improve in reading, math, and science; to create teacher and principal incentive pay programs; and to implement a school improvement award program.
Impact
In 1989, a report commissioned by one of the state’s oversight bodies found that gains were made in a variety of key performance areas:8
South Carolina saw considerable economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s after the passage of the EIA. Between 1984 and 1993, more than 185 foreign companies established operations in the state, generating more than 40,000 new jobs.4
Legacy
A study by the RAND Corporation, a global policy think tank, pronounced the EIA as “the most comprehensive single piece of legislation improving education to come out of any state.”9
In 2008, the legislature approved a cut in the state’s overall education spending. EIA monies have since been used to pay for education expenditures that were previously covered by general fund revenues; however, the EIA account continues to be maintained as a separate, dedicated revenue line for education in the state. As of fiscal year 2021-22, the EIA generates nearly $900 million in new monies annually.10
In the years following the passage of the EIA, Riley was dubbed as South Carolina’s “Education Governor.”11
Reason for the change:
The South Carolina Education Improvement Act is noteworthy, regarded as one of the most comprehensive education reform efforts to occur at the state level. The legislation helped lay the groundwork for Riley's later appointment to the post of United States Secretary of Education.
References supporting change:
1 Saunders Huguley, Sally (2016). Rallying Education Activism From The Grassroots Up: A Case Study of The South Carolina Education Improvement Act of 1984 (PhD thesis). University of South Carolina. p. 102. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
2 Saffold, Robert (2023). A People's Movement. The Riley Institute at Furman University. p. 14-16. ISBN 9780578358567.
3 Sayles Jr., F. (1983-09-08). "Poll Respondents Support Tax Hike for Better Schools". The Charleston (South Carolina) News and Courier.
4 Taking Root: Lessons Learned for Sustaining the College- and Career-Ready Agenda (PDF) (Report). Achieve. 2009-09-02. p. 7. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
5 Saffold, Robert (2023). A People's Movement. The Riley Institute at Furman University. p. 14-16. ISBN 9780578358567.
6 S.C. House Journal. 105th General Assembly., 2nd sess (Report). House of Representatives of the State of South Carolina. 1984-01-10.
7 S.C. Senate Journal. 105th General Assembly., 2nd sess (Report). Senate of the State of South Carolina. 1984-01-10.
8 Peterson, Terry (1989-06-29). An Evaluation of South Carolina’s Education Improvement Efforts Five Years Later (Report). South Carolina Business-Education Committee. p. 2.
9 Hitt, Jack (1986-10-01). "The best governor in America - and you've never heard of him". Washington Monthly. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
10 Saffold, Robert (2023). A People's Movement. The Riley Institute at Furman University. p. 9. ISBN 9780578358567.
11 Self, Jamie (2015-12-18). "Dick Riley: From 'Young Turk' to SC's 'Education Governor'". The State. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
Best,
Earlgrayandprose (
talk) 21:15, 10 October 2023 (UTC)
Thanks you for making these changes, it is much appreciated.
{{
Edit COI}}
template's answer parameter to read from |ans=y
to |ans=n
. Thank you!Regards, Spintendo 03:42, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
Prior to the start of the 1984 legislative session, only 22 of 124 South Carolina House of Representatives members supported the bill, largely due to the proposed tax increase, which is what contributed to the demise of Riley’s original school improvement proposal.leads me to wonder how much input they had on the final legislation) There are a couple good sources here, but I would like to find some more reliable secondary sources that are independent of the subject, and that offer a conclusion-type analysis of the legislation. The Saunders Huguley thesis listed as one reference seemed like a good starting point towards opening up more references (because as a thesis, they've already done most of the legwork in finding sources) but I haven't gotten around to taking a look at it yet. So yeah, this is an intricate request (which speaks to the subject's legacy) that may have to be put off pending discussion and more research. Regards, Spintendo 22:26, 12 November 2023 (UTC)
@ Earlgrayandprose: You did a great job with the text, but I'd like to make a couple of suggestions. You should create this as a draft, so it renders properly, and the references can be clicked through to verify. You'll also get credit for creating it in the edit history. To start, go to Wikipedia:Drafts#Creating and editing drafts and enter "South Carolina Education Improvement Act of 1984" in the box, and click on create draft. I also think you need a few more references for the text, much of which is unreferenced. The 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th paragraphs in "Legislative history" (second word is lower case per WP:MOS) are unreferenced. You can use the same sources multiple times if they substantiate the info you are writing. Ping me when it looks good and is ready to be reviewed. I can then move it to mainspace to make it live, and can then link to it. STEMinfo ( talk) 23:49, 17 January 2024 (UTC)