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First paragraph
Hi, I saw that you made
some modifications,
Maxeto0910. Most of it looks good. But for the introduction, the version before the modifications looks more concise and all-encompassing. You had a clear sense of what the 3 main definitions are.
For the first sentence, I'm ok with the modifications, except that it's not clear that it is the "broadest sense".
For the second sentence, saying that AI is mainly about the automation of "tasks typically associated with human intelligence" looks pretty correct. But the part "through machine learning, it develops and studies methods and software which enable machines to perceive their environment and take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals" seems to already focus on a particular type of AI, the kind of AI
agent based on machine learning.
Anyone else has an opinion?
Alenoach (
talk) 00:32, 22 March 2024 (UTC)reply
Hello, I found the old introductory paragraph concerning the definitions to be too unspecific, uninformative and simply not detailed enough. I think that the reworded one gives readers more context and information for a better sense of understanding. The old one was probably easier to understand, yes, but not providing a deep and comprehensive understanding of the underlying principles, as it was too general, at least in my opinion. If you find the new introduction to not be concise enough or easy to understand for laymen, we could consider a "Introduction to artificial intelligence" article when we realize that we find it too difficult to strike a balance between comprehensibility and comprehensiveness, as we have for other complex topics such as
evolution.
I wrote "broadest sense" to make clear that there are several definitions (AI as intelligent machines, a field of research, and self-learning machines), which also don't contradict each other. And "intelligence of machines" is arguably by far the most known, simplest and most basic definition of AI.
Sure, AI systems don't necessarily have to incorporate machine learning techniques, which enable them to continuously improve their performance, as they can also have a fixed level of performance which was entirely human-programmed instead of machine-learned. Nonetheless, it is definitely the focus of modern AI research, which I wanted to make clear by writing "focusing on". But I agree that this part could sound misleading to some readers who don't know this, causing them to wrongfully assume that this is the focus of all AI research. If you have any suggestions for making it clear that this is merely the main focus of most modern AI research without making it too complex, let me know.--
Maxeto0910 (
talk) 00:46, 22 March 2024 (UTC)reply
Two changes I would like to make if it's okay with you. (1) Scratch "Machine learning". (Machine learning is still a subfield of AI, and other kinds of AI techniques (such as logic) will probably become important again as we try to make learning systems more verifiable, explainable and controllable.) (2) Scratch the reference to humans, out of respect for the long-running debate about "intelligence in general" vs. "human intelligence" (see section on "defining AI" in this article). Okay? ---
CharlesTGillingham (
talk) 21:27, 24 March 2024 (UTC)reply
The claim that AI focuses on the automation of intelligent behavior through machine learning is simply false, and the qualification "through machine learning" should be deleted. The contrast between human and machine intelligence is also false. It is contradicted, for example, by the material in such books as Levesque's "Thinking as Computation"[1] It is also entirely at odds with
computational thinking, more generally.
Robert Kowalski (
talk) 15:05, 27 March 2024 (UTC)reply
Here is a quote from page 4 of the third edition of the textbook by Poole and Mackworth:[2] "The central scientific goal of AI is to understand the principles that make intelligent behavior possible in natural or artificial systems." I will delete the phrase "as opposed to the natural intelligence of living beings".
Robert Kowalski (
talk) 10:59, 7 April 2024 (UTC)reply
I like the "defined goals" bit, as this is very much in line with Russell & Norvig. ----
CharlesTGillingham (
talk) 21:28, 24 March 2024 (UTC)reply
Wiki Education assignment: IFS213-Hacking and Open Source Culture
This article is currently the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 30 January 2024 and 10 May 2024. Further details are available
on the course page. Student editor(s):
Kylezip (
article contribs). Peer reviewers:
Katlinbuchanan.
— Assignment last updated by
KAN2035117 (
talk) 22:49, 3 April 2024 (UTC)reply
A few cuts
This sentence was in a paragraph on a different topic. Could go in "Applications".
In 2019,
Bengaluru, India deployed AI-managed traffic signals. This system uses cameras to monitor traffic density and adjust signal timing based on the interval needed to clear traffic.[3]
References
^Levesque, H.J., 2012. Thinking as computation: A first course. MIT Press.
This paragraph has no sources and was misplaced. Could be adapted for the section "Regulations", but research and a rewrite would be necessary.
Possible options for limiting AI include: using Embedded Ethics or Constitutional AI where companies or governments can add a policy, restricting high levels of compute power in training, restricting the ability to rewrite its own code base, restrict certain AI techniques but not in the training phase, open-source (transparency) vs proprietary (could be more restricted), backup model with redundancy, restricting security, privacy and copyright, restricting or controlling the memory, real-time monitoring, risk analysis, emergency shut-off, rigorous simulation and testing, model certification, assess known vulnerabilities, restrict the training material, restrict access to the internet, issue terms of use.
This is undue weight on the period 1940-1956 -- we have to cover a lot more ground here. I've edited this down to just cover the two most notable: Pitts & McCullough and the Turing Test. This material could be integrated into the article
History of AI, which doesn't cover Turing's work in this much detail.
Alan Turing was thinking about machine intelligence at least as early as 1941, when he circulated a paper on machine intelligence which could be the earliest paper in the field of AI – though it is now lost.[1]
The first available paper generally recognized as AI was
McCullouch and
Pitts design for
Turing-completeartificial neurons in 1943 – the first mathematical model of a neural network.[2] The paper was influenced by Turing's earlier paper "
On Computable Numbers" from 1936 using similar two-state Boolean neurons, but was the first to apply it to neuronal function.[1]
The term machine intelligence was used by Alan Turing during his life which was later often referred to as 'artificial intelligence' after his death in 1954. In 1950, Turing published the best known of his papers '
Computing Machinery and Intelligence', the paper introduced his concept of what is now known as the
Turing test to the general public. Then followed three radio broadcasts on AI by Turing, the lectures: "Intelligent Machinery, A Heretical Theory", "Can Digital Computers Think?" and the panel discussion "Can Automatic Calculating Machines be Said to Think?" By 1956 computer intelligence had been actively pursued for more than a decade in Britain; the earliest AI programmes were written there in 1951–1952.[1]
^
abcCopeland, J., ed. (2004). The Essential Turing: the ideas that gave birth to the computer age. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
ISBN0-19-825079-7.
We don't need this because it's not really part of the narrative. AI, like any science, is an international project. (And long experience at Wikipedia has taught me that anything that might be construed as nationalism will eventually cause bloat when other editors add contrary opinions.)
The large majority of the advances have occurred within the
United States, with its companies, universities, and research labs leading artificial intelligence research.[1]
Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - SP24 - Sect 201 - Thu
This article is currently the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 4 March 2024 and 4 May 2024. Further details are available
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Xc1181 (
talk) 20:40, 21 April 2024 (UTC)reply
Cognitive systems
The term "
Cognitive system" is redirected to this article on artificial intelligence, although it is not described or even mentioned here. See also [[cognitive computing), where a diagram of a cognitive system is shown. --
Bautsch (
talk) 07:26, 25 April 2024 (UTC)reply