Ti'inik, also transliterated Ti’innik (
Arabic: تعنّك), or Ta'anakh/Taanach (
Hebrew: תַּעְנַךְ), is a
Palestinian village, located 13 km northwest of the city of
Jenin in the northern
West Bank.
Just to the north of Ti'inik is a 40-metre-high mound which was the site of the
biblical city of Taanach[6] or Tanach (
Hebrew: תַּעֲנָךְ;
Ancient Greek: Θαναάχ and Θανάκ),[4][7][8] a
Levitical city allocated to the
Kohathites.[9][10] Excavations at the tell were carried out by
Albert Glock mostly during the 1970s and 1980s. Twelve
Akkadian cuneiform tablets were found here. Approximately one third of the names on these tablets are of
Hurrian origin, indicating a significant northern ethnic presence.[11][12] Pottery remains from the
Roman,
Byzantine, and the Middle Ages have been found here.[13] The main remains visible today are of an 11th-century
Abbasid palace.[14]
In the
census of 1596, the village appeared as "Ta'inniq", located in the nahiya of Sha'ara in the liwa of
Lajjun. It had a population of 13 households, all
Muslim. They paid a taxes on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 7,000
akçe.[17]
In 1838, Ta'annuk was noted as a Muslim village in the Jenin district;[18] It only contained a few families, but was said to have been much larger, and to contain ruins.[19]
In 1870
Victor Guérin found that the village consisted of ten houses.[20] He further described it as: 'Once the southern sides and the whole upper plateau of the oblong hill on which the village stands were covered with buildings, as is proved by the innumerable fragments of pottery scattered on the soil, and the materials of every kind which are met with at every step: the larger stones have been carried away elsewhere. Below the village is a little
mosque, which passes for an ancient Christian church. It lies, in fact, east and west, and all the stones with which it is built belong to early constructions; some of them are decorated with sculptures. Farther on in the plain are several
cisterns cut in the rock, and a
well, called Bir Tannuk.[21]
In 1870/1871 (1288
AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya of Shafa al-Gharby.[22]
In 1882 the
PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "A small village, which stands on the south-east side of the great Tell or mound of the same name at the edge of the plain. It has olives on the south, and wells on the north, and is surrounded with cactus hedges. There is a white dome in the village. The rock on the sides of the Tell is quarried in places, the wells are ancient, and rock-cut tombs occur on the north near the foot of the mound."[23]
In the
1945 statistics the population was 100; all Muslims,[26] with 32,263
dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[27] 452 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 31,301 dunams for cereals,[28] while a total of 4 dunams were built-up, urban land.[29]
^Freedman et al., 2000, p.
1228: "Its identification with modern Tell Ta'annek (171214) is undisputed because of the continuity in the name and because of its location on the southern branch of the
Via Maris, next to the
pass of
Megiddo."
^Gustavs, A. (1927) "Die Personennamen in den Tontafeln von Tell Ta-annek" (in German).
ZDPV 50, 1-18.
^Glock, A.E. (1971) "A New Ta-annek Tablet".
BASOR 204,
17-30.
^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p.
17
^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
55
^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
99
^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.
149
^Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p.
25
^Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 349