From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of legumes
Swainsona is a genus of about 85 species of flowering plants in the family
Fabaceae , and is
endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are
herbs or subshrubs with
imparipinnate leaves and usually purple flowers similar to others in the family.
Description
Plants in the genus Swainsona are
prostrate to erect
annual or
perennial herbs or subshrubs, often with many stems at the base. The leaves are usually imparipinnate (
pinnate , with a terminal leaflet) with a few to many leaflets, with
stipules at the base of the
petiole . A few to many flowers are borne in a
raceme in leaf axils on an erect
peduncle with
bracts at the base, and small
bracteoles at the base of the
sepals . The sepals are joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube with 5 equal lobes, or the upper 2 lobes shorter. The petals are mostly purple, sometimes white, pink, yellow orange or red. The
standard petal is kidney-shaped to more or less round, usually longer than the
wings and often longer than the
keel . There are ten
stamens , nine of which are joined with each other and the tenth free and facing the standard petal.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
Taxonomy
The genus Swainsona was first formally described in 1806 by
Richard Anthony Salisbury in
Paradisus Londinensis and the first species he described (the
type species) was Swainsona coronillifolia , (now accepted as a
synonym of
Swainsona galegifolia .
[7]
[8]
[9]
A member of the family
Fabaceae (
legumes ), this species is most closely related to the New Zealand genera
Montigena (scree pea),
Clianthus (kakabeak), and Carmichaelia (
New Zealand broom ).
[10] The genus name (Swainsona ) honours the English botanist
Isaac Swainson .
[11]
A few species are known to produce
swainsonine , a
phytotoxin harmful to
livestock (see
Locoweed ). In Australia, animals
intoxicated with swainsonine are said to be
pea struck .
[12]
Species list
The following is a list of species of Swainsona accepted by
Plants of the World Online as of 10 September 2023:
[2]
Swainsona acuticarinata (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps. (N.T., S.A., W.A.)
Swainsona adenophylla J.M.Black (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
Swainsona affinis (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps. (W.A., S.A., N.T., Qld, N.S.W.)
Swainsona beasleyana F.Muell. (W.A.)
Swainsona behriana F.Muell. ex J.M.Black (N.S.W., S.A., Vic.)
Swainsona brachycarpa Benth. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
Swainsona bracteata (Maiden & Betche) Joy Thomps. (N.S.W., Qld.)
Swainsona burkei F.Muell. ex Benth. (N.T., Qld.)
Swainsona burkittii F.Muell. ex Benth. (S.A., N.S.W.)
Swainsona cadellii F.Muell. ex C.Moore (N.S.W.)
Swainsona calcicola Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
Swainsona campestris J.M.Black (S.A., W.A.)
Swainsona campylantha F.Muell. (Qld., N.T., S.A., N.S.W., W.A.)
Swainsona canescens (Benth.) F.Muell. (Qld., S.A., W.A.)
Swainsona colutoides F.Muell. (W.A., N.T., S.A., N.S.W.)
Swainsona complanata Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
Swainsona cornuta Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
Swainsona cyclocarpa F.Muell. (W.A., N.T.)
Swainsona decurrens A.T.Lee (W.A.)
Swainsona dictyocarpa J.M.Black (S.A.)
Swainsona disjuncta Joy Thomps. (W.A., S.A., N.T.)
Swainsona ecallosa Sprague (W.A.)
Swainsona elegans A.T.Lee (W.A.)
Swainsona elegantoides (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
Swainsona eremaea Joy Thomps. (S.A.)
Swainsona extrajacens Joy Thomps. (S.A., N.S.W.)
Swainsona fissimontana J.M.Black (S.A., N.S.W.)
Swainsona flavicarinata J.M.Black (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
Swainsona formosa (G.Don) Joy Thomps. (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
Swainsona forrestii F.Muell. ex A.T.Lee (W.A.)
Swainsona fraseri Benth. (N.S.W., Qld.)
Swainsona fuscoviridis Joy Thomps. (S.A.)
Swainsona galegifolia (Andrews) R.Br. (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
Swainsona gracilis Benth. (W.A.)
Swainsona greyana Lindl. (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
Swainsona halophila Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
Swainsona incei W.R.Price (W.A.)
Swainsona katjarra R.W.Davis & T.Hammer (W.A.)
Swainsona kingii F.Muell. (W.A., S.A.)
Swainsona laciniata A.T.Lee (W.A., N.T.)
Swainsona laxa R.Br. – skeleton pea, yellow swainson-pea, yellow Darling pea, sandhill swainsona (N.S.W., S.A., N.T., Qld.)
Swainsona leeana J.Z.Weber (W.A., S.A.)
Swainsona lessertiifolia DC. (S.A., Vic., Tas.)
Swainsona longicarinata Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
Swainsona longipilosa Joy Thomps. (W.A.)
Swainsona luteola F.Muell. – dwarf Darling-pea (N.S.W., Qld)
Swainsona maccullochiana F.Muell. (W.A.)
Swainsona microcalyx J.M.Black – wild violet (S.A., W.A.)
Swainsona microphylla A.Gray – small-leaf swainson-pea, small-leaf swainsona, poison swainson-pea (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
Swainsona minutiflora A.T.Lee (S.A.)
Swainsona monticola A.Cunn. ex Benth. (N.S.W., A.C.T.)
Swainsona murrayana Wawra (N.S.W., Vic., Qld., S.A.)
Swainsona oligophylla F.Muell. ex Benth. (N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
Swainsona oliveri F.Muell. (W.A., N.T., S.A., N.S.W.)
Swainsona oroboides F.Muell. ex Benth. – variable swainsona, kneed Darling pea (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
Swainsona paradoxa W.Fitzg. (W.A.)
Swainsona parviflora Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
Swainsona paucifoliolata Joy Thomps.
Swainsona pedunculata A.T.Lee
Swainsona perlonga Joy Thomps.
Swainsona phacoides Benth.
Swainsona plagiotropis F.Muell.
Swainsona procumbens (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
Swainsona pterostylis (DC.) Bakh.f.
Swainsona purpurea (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.
Swainsona pyrophila Joy Thomps.
Swainsona queenslandica Joy Thomps.
Swainsona recta A.T.Lee
Swainsona reticulata J.M.Black
Swainsona rostellata A.T.Lee
Swainsona rostrata Joy Thomps.
Swainsona rotunda Joy Thomps.
Swainsona sejuncta Joy Thomps.
Swainsona sericea (A.T.Lee) J.M.Black ex H.Eichler
Swainsona similis Joy Thomps.
Swainsona stenodonta F.Muell.
Swainsona stipularis F.Muell.
Swainsona swainsonioides (Benth.) A.T.Lee ex J.M.Black
Swainsona tanamiensis Joy Thomps.
Swainsona tenuis E.Pritz.
Swainsona tephrotricha F.Muell.
Swainsona thompsoniana R.W.Davis & P.J.H.Hurter
Swainsona unifoliolata F.Muell.
Swainsona vestita Joy Thomps.
Swainsona villosa J.M.Black
Swainsona viridis J.M.Black
Distribution
Species of Swainsona are found in all six Australian states and in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory.
[7]
References
^
a
b
"Swainsona " . Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^
a
b
"Swainsona Salisb."
Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^ Thompson, Joy; James, Teresa A.
"Swainsona " . Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^
"Swainsona " . State Herbrium of South Australia. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^ Jeanes, Jeff A.; Stajsic, Val.
"Swainsona " . Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^
"Swainsona " .
FloraBase . Western Australian Government
Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions .
^
a
b
"Swainsona " . Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^ Salisbury, Richard A. (1806).
Paradisus Londinensis . London: William Hooker. p. 28. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^
"Swainsona coronillifolia " . Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 10 September 2023 .
^ Wagstaff, Steven J.; Peter B. Heenan; Michael J. Sanderson (1999).
"Classification, origins, and patterns of diversification in New Zealand Carmichaelia (Fabaceae)" . American Journal of Botany . 86 (9). American Journal of Botany, Vol. 86, No. 9: 1346–1356.
doi :
10.2307/2656781 .
JSTOR
2656781 .
PMID
10487821 .
^ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 116.
ISBN
9780958034180 .
^
"THE DARLING PEA" .
The Sydney Morning Herald . National Library of Australia. 14 May 1897. p. 5. Retrieved 16 May 2014 .