Svaliava
Свалява | |
|---|---|
City of district significance | |
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Svaliava Location of Svaliava  Svaliava Svaliava (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 48°32′50″N 22°59′10″E / 48.54722°N 22.98611°E | |
| Country | 
Ukraine |
| Oblast | Zakarpattia Oblast |
| Raion | Mukachevo Raion |
| Hromada | Svaliava urban hromada |
| Founded | 12th century |
| Incorporated | 1957 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ivan Lanyo |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 17,068 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 ( CET) |
| • Summer ( DST) | UTC+2 ( CEST) |
| Postal code | 89300 |
| Area code | +380-3133 |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | http://www.svalyava.org/ |
Svaliava ( Ukrainian: Свалява, Rusyn: Свалява, Hungarian: Szolyva, Slovak: Svaľava, Yiddish: סוואליאווע Svalyave) is a city located on the Latorytsia River in Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It was the administrative center of the former Svaliava Raion ( district) until 2020, but now it is in Mukachevo Raion. Population: 17,068 (2022 estimate). [1]
Due to the city's complex history, there are also alternative names for it in other languages, including: Czech: Svaljava, German: Schwalbach or Schwallbach, Romanian: Svaliava, Russian: Свалява.
Demographics
The 2001 census officially identified more than 94% of the population. [2]
- Ukrainians 94.5%
- Russians 1.5%
- Hungarians 0.7%
- Slovaks 0.6%
History
Swaljawa was first mentioned in the 12th century as a small settlement of a Hungarian feudal lord. In the 18th century, the village was annexed to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and was called Schwalbach. These lands later passed to the Count of Schönborn and his descendants. Gradually, Swaljawa became a multinational town with a significant part of the population being ethnic Germans. [3]
According to the census of 1910, 47.1% of the population was Greek Catholic, 26.2% Jewish and 22.9% Roman Catholic. The Jewish population was deported to Auschwitz after the German occupation of Hungary, in May 1944, and most of them was murdered there.
After the Second World War a concentration camp was working near the town. Hungarian and German-born civilians (born between 1896, and 1926) were carried off by Soviet forces to the camp purely on the basis of their nationality. They were ordered to report for " malenkij robot" (a corrupted Russian for "small work"), but most of them – more than 20 thousand deportees were killed in the deathcamp after being subjected to various tortures (no water for days, glass powder mixed into their food). A further 50 000, or so Hungarians (not only men, but also women and children) were deported from Szolyva to the Soviet Union or Galicia. They were later exterminated. [4] The site of the camp is now a memorial park established in 1994. [5]
Gallery
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St. Nicholas Church -
Synagogue in Svaliava -
Former synagogue, now a bakery -
Former synagogue -
Jewish cemetery -
Memorial park in Svaliava
_synagogue.jpg)
References
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 | English version | Results | General results of the census | National composition of population | Zakarpattia region". www.ukrcensus.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "Deutsche der Ukraine. Wer sind Sie?" (in German). 28 October 2020. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
- ^ https://demokrata.hu/magyarorszag/magyar-holokauszt-77112/
- ^ "The memorial park in Svalyava town - Places of interest from a to Z, Places of interest / Places of interest". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-10-24.
External links
- Svaliava in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
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