Sultan Ezid | |
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Sultan Êzîd | |
Other names | Sultan Êzî |
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Yazidi religion Yazidism |
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Sultan Êzîd (or sometimes Êzî or Siltan Êzîd) is a divine figure in the Yazidi religion. [1] Although many scholars consider his name to be derived from that of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I, Yazidis consider him to be a separate figure unconnected to the historical Yazid I. [2] Yazidis typically consider him to be part of a triad of divine emanations of God (which are, in order, Melek Tawus, Sheikh Adi, and Sultan Ezid), [3] though he is sometimes also considered to be identical with the angel Melek Tawus, and thus a manifestation or emanation of God. [4]
The Yazidi people and religion are named after him.
Most modern historians hold that the name Ezid derives from the name of Caliph Yazid I. [5] In Yazidi religious lore, there is no trace of any link between Sultan Ezid and the second Umayyad caliph. [6] A pro- Umayyad movement particularly sympathetic towards Yazid existed in the Kurdish mountains before the 12th century, when Shaykh Adi, [7] a Sufi of Umayyad descent venerated by Yazidis to this day, [8] settled there and attracted a following among the adherents of the movement. The name Yazidi seems to have been applied to the group because of his Umayyad origins. [7]
Yazidis also consider Melek Tawus's shrine at Lalish to be identical with that of Sultan Ezid's, since the two figures are often held to be identical. [4]
The Feast of Ezid commemorates him. [9] [10] [11]