The Student Oath or Student Pledge ( Turkish: Öğrenci Andı) is the oath that was recited in school at the beginning of every school day. It was used until 2013, among other things, in primary schools in Turkey. After the regular morning singing the national anthem İstiklâl Marşı before class, the oath was led by a boy or a girl, or some groups of 3–4 students and repeated by all other students.
History of the Student Oath
1933
Children's Day
According to Afet İnan's book, Reşit Galip who was the Minister of National Education at the time, composed the text of the "Student Oath" (or "Student Pledge", Turkish: Öğrenci Andı) on April 23, 1933 ( Children's Day) [1] The Board of Education and Edification of the Ministry of National Education introduced this text as the "Student Oath", with the direction number 101 and dated May 10, 1933. In accordance with the direction of the Board of Education and Edification, the Ministry of National Education issued the circular number 1749/42 and dated May 18, 1933 about the "Student Pledge". Students must repeat the oath each day.
Reşit Galip's original text
Türküm, doğruyum, çalışkanım. Yasam; küçüklerimi korumak, büyüklerimi saymak, yurdumu, milletimi özümden çok sevmektir. Ülküm; yükselmek, ileri gitmektir. Varlığım Türk varlığına armağan olsun.
I am a Turkish (Turk), I am truthful (honest) and I am a hardworker. My Law: is to protect younger ones, to respect my elder, to love my country (homeland) and my nation more than myself. My ideal (mission, purpose); is to rise, to progress. My existence shall be a gift (dedication) to the Turkish existence.
10th Anniversary of the Republic
Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) used the phrase "Ne mutlu Türküm diyene" (How happy is the one who says "I am a Turk") in his speech delivered for the 10th Anniversary of the Republic of Turkey, on October 29, 1933 ( Republic Day) [2]
1972
50th Anniversary of the Battle of Dumlupınar
In preparation for the August 30th 50th Anniversary of the battle against Greek forces at Dumlupınar in 1922, the Student Oath was revised, and included as its last phrase "Ne mutlu Türküm diyene" (How happy is the one who says "I am a Turk") from the 1933 speech.[ citation needed] The regulation to do this (article 78 for elementary schools) was published in the Resmî Gazete No. 14291 on August 29, 1972.
Text of 1972 edition
Turkish:
Türküm, doğruyum, çalışkanım. Yasam, küçüklerimi korumak, büyüklerimi saymak, yurdumu, milletimi özümden çok sevmektir. Ülküm yükselmek, ileri gitmektir. Varlığım Türk varlığına armağan olsun.
Ey bu günümüzü sağlayan, Ulu Atatürk; açtığın yolda, kurduğun ülküde, gösterdiğin amaçta hiç durmadan yürüyeceğime ant içerim.
Ne mutlu Türküm diyene.
English:
I am Turkish, honest and hardworking. My principle is to protect the younger, to respect the elder, to love my homeland and my nation more than myself. My ideal is to rise, to progress. My existence shall be dedicated to the Turkish existence.
O Great Atatürk, who had created our life of today; on the path that you have paved, in the country that you established, I swear to walk incessantly with the purposes that you have set.
How happy is the one who says "I am Turkish."
1997
Text of 1997 edition
Turkish:
Türküm, doğruyum, çalışkanım. İlkem, küçüklerimi korumak, büyüklerimi saymak, yurdumu, milletimi, özümden çok sevmektir. Ülküm, yükselmek, ileri gitmektir.
Ey büyük Atatürk! Açtığın yolda, gösterdiğin hedefe durmadan yürüyeceğime ant içerim.
Varlığım Türk varlığına armağan olsun. Ne mutlu Türküm diyene !
English :
I am a Turk, honest, hardworking. My principle is to protect the younger, respect the elder, to love my homeland and my nation more than myself. My ideal is to rise, to progress.
O Great Atatürk! On the path you have paved, I swear to walk incessantly toward the aim that you have set.
My existence shall be gifted to the Turkish existence. How happy is the one who says "I am a Turk!".
2013
Annulment
On 8 September 2013, the Official Gazette announced that the practice of reciting the Student Oath was abolished. [3]
This move was part of a “democratization package” introduced by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) which included other pro-Islamic and anti-secularist actions including removing the ban on women wearing headscarves in parliament. [4]
However, many welcomed the repeal of the oath because it was seen as exclusionary to Turkey's minorities. [4]
2018
Reinstation
In October 2018, the Council of State, the highest administrative court, decided that the Student Oath had been a well-established practice and that the justification for removing it in 2013 by the AKP had been insufficient. [4]
The decision came after legal action by Turkey's Education and Science Worker's Union (Türk Eğitim-Sen). Many opponents of the AKP considered banning the oath to be really against the secularist policies of Turkish Republic founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. [4]
When the ruling was announced, Türk Eğitim-Sen Chairperson Talip Geylan made a statement that the oath's focus on Turkish identity was not racist, saying the renewed use of the Student Oath would be a "reward" for patriotic schoolchildren.[ citation needed]
2021
Re-annulment
On 4 March 2021, the high chamber of the Council of State agreed with the appeal demand from the Ministry of Education and abolished the recitation of the Student Oath again. [5] [6]
The decision restarted the controversy about the recitation. Devlet Bahçeli, the leader of the Nationalist Movement Party, criticized the decision and compared it to a pin-pulled bomb. [7] Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu and Meral Akşener, leaders of the Republican People's Party and Good Party, blamed Bahçeli for hypocrisy due to his support for the AKP government. [8] Meanwhile, the President and the leader of the AKP, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, expressed his support for the decision implicitly and said, "National Anthem is our National Oath." [9]
See also
- Pledge of Allegiance of the United States
References
- ^ A. Afer İnan, Atatürk Hakkında Hâtiralar ve Belgeler, Ajans-Türk Matbaacılık Sanayii, 1968, p. 209. (in Turkish)
- ^ Onuncu Yıl Söylevi (Onuncu Yıl Nutuk), Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha's speech on the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey, on October 29, 1933, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Başkanlığı. (in Turkish)
- ^ "MİLLÎ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI İLKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI YÖNETMELİĞİNDE DEĞİŞİKLİK YAPILMASINA DAİR YÖNETMELİK", Resmi Gazete (September 2013)(in Turkish)
- ^ a b c d "Court rules Student Oath should be reinstated in Turkey". Ahval. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ Duvar, Gazete (2021-03-13). "'Andımız' için karar: Okutulmayacak". www.gazeteduvar.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-10-10.
- ^ "Andımız kararının gerekçesi açıklandı". www.haberturk.com (in Turkish). 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2022-10-10.
- ^ Duvar, Gazete (2021-03-15). "Bahçeli: Öğrenci Andı kararı pimi çekilmiş bomba". www.gazeteduvar.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-10-10.
- ^ "Öğrenci Andı tartışması neden yeniden gündeme geldi?". BBC News Türkçe (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-10-10.
- ^ "Erdoğan: Milli Andımız İstiklal Marşı". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-10-10.
External links
- The recent legal debate in Turkey on the compulsory student oath is addressed in the article by Necati Polat, "A Tradition in Delivering Injustice: Judiciary and Rights in Turkey", Insight Turkey (October 2011).
- Onuncu Yıl Nutuk (Onuncu Yıl Söylevi) in Google Videos. (in Turkish)
- Talip Kurşun, 'Andımız' tartışılamaz mı? (Is 'our oath' indisputable ?), Radikal, September 29, 2005. (in Turkish)