Streptophyta (/strɛpˈtɒfɪtə,ˈstrɛptoʊfaɪtə/), informally the streptophytes (/ˈstrɛptəfaɪts/, from the
Greekstrepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a
clade of
plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the
Chlorophyta and the more basal
Prasinodermophyta.[4]
Classifications
The composition of Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina,
Charophyta) varies in each classification.[5][citation needed] Some authors include only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta,[1][6] Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt 2004),[3] others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004;[3] Karol et al. 2009[citation needed]; Adl et al. 2012[6], Streptophyta;[7] de Reviers 2002; Leliaert et al. 2012, Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997[citation needed]; some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta, e.g., Charophyta[8] Leliaert et al. 2012[citation needed], Charophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984[citation needed], Streptophycophytes de Reviers, 2002[citation needed]).
The clade Streptophyta includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Streptophyta contains the freshwater charophyte green algae and all land plants that reproduce sexually by conjugation. Mesostigma viride, a unicellular green flagellate alga may be a basal Streptophyte.[9][10]
^
abcdJeffrey C (1967). "The origin and differentiation of the Archegoniate land plants: A second contribution". Kew Bull. 21 (2): 335–349.
doi:
10.2307/4108533.
JSTOR4108533.
^Sluiman H. J. (1985). "A cladistic evaluation of the lower and higher green plants (Viridiplantae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 149 (3–4): 217–232.
doi:
10.1007/bf00983308.
S2CID19456207.
^
abcdefLewis L.A.; McCourt R.M. (October 2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556.
doi:
10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535.
PMID21652308.
^Bremer, K. (1985). "Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification". Cladistics. 1: 369–385.
^Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). "The origin, losses and gains of chloroplasts.". Origins of plastids. Springer US. pp. 291–348.
^Liang, Z; Geng, Y; Ji, C; Du, H; Wong, CE; Zhang, Q; Yu, H (2020). "Mesostigma viride genome and transcriptome provide insights into the origin and evolution of Streptophyta". Advanced Science. 7 (1).
doi:
10.1002/advs.2019018501901850.
^Nedelcu, AM; Borza, T; Lee, RW (2006). "A land plant–specific multigene family in the unicellular Mesostigma argues for its close relationship to Streptophyta". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (5): 1011–1015.
doi:
10.1093/molbev/msj108.