From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
U.S. government position
The Spokesperson for the United States Department of State is a
U.S. government official whose primary responsibility is to serve as the
spokesperson for the
United States Department of State and the U.S. government's foreign policies. The position is located in the
Bureau of Global Public Affairs .
[1]
Historically, the State Department Spokesperson and the
Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs were synonymous names for the same role. However, this has not been the case since
Philip J. Crowley 's tenure ended in 2011.
[2] Since 2011, the Assistant Secretary and the State Department Spokesperson have been two separate roles held by different people.
[3] In late 2015, the two roles were once again merged with the appointment of Spokesperson
John Kirby as Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs.
[4]
Responsibilities
The State Department spokesperson is responsible for communicating the
foreign policy of the United States to American and foreign media, typically in a daily press briefing. The daily press briefing typically includes a summary of the
secretary of state 's schedule, any upcoming trips by the secretary, the
president of the United States , or other distinguished State Department officials including
under secretaries and
assistant secretaries , and official reactions and positions of the U.S. government on certain news of the day, followed by Q&A with journalists attending the briefing. A tradition that began during the tenure of
John Foster Dulles as secretary of state in the 1950s,
[5] the daily press briefing is
on-the-record , and is recorded and made available on the State Department's website.
The State Department spokesperson will also often accompany the secretary of state on travel to assist with
press conferences .
List of State Department spokespeople
Tenure
Spokesperson
President
Secretary of State
1927–1945
Michael J. McDermott
[6]
Calvin Coolidge ,
Herbert Hoover ,
Franklin D. Roosevelt ,
Harry S. Truman
Frank B. Kellogg ,
Henry L. Stimson ,
Cordell Hull ,
Edward Stettinius, Jr.
1945–1948
Roger Tubby
[7]
Harry S. Truman
James F. Byrnes ,
George C. Marshall
1955–1963
Lincoln White
[8]
Dwight D. Eisenhower ,
John F. Kennedy
John Foster Dulles ,
Christian Herter ,
Dean Rusk
1964–1973
Robert J. McCloskey
[9]
Lyndon B. Johnson ,
Richard Nixon
Dean Rusk ,
William P. Rogers
1966–1970
Carl E. Bartch
[10]
1974–1976
Robert Anderson
[11]
Gerald Ford
Henry Kissinger
1977–1980
Hodding Carter III
[12]
Jimmy Carter
Cyrus Vance
1980–1981
William J. Dyess
[13]
Edmund Muskie
1981–1982
Dean E. Fischer
[14]
Ronald Reagan
Alexander Haig
1982–1985
Robert John Hughes
[15]
George P. Shultz
1985–1986
Bernard Kalb
[16]
1986–1989
Charles Edgar Redman
[17]
1989–1992
Margaret D. Tutwiler
[18]
George H. W. Bush
James Baker
1992–1993
Richard Boucher
[19]
Lawrence Eagleburger
1993–1995
Mike McCurry
[20]
Bill Clinton
Warren Christopher
1995–1997
R. Nicholas Burns
[21]
1997–2000
James Rubin
[22]
Madeleine Albright
2001–2005
Richard Boucher
[19]
George W. Bush
Colin Powell
2005–2009
Sean McCormack
[23]
Condoleezza Rice
2009-2010
Ian C. Kelly
Barack Obama
Hillary Clinton
2010-2011
Philip J. Crowley
2011–2013
Victoria Nuland
2013–2015
Jen Psaki
John Kerry
2015
Marie Harf
2015–2017
John Kirby
2017
Mark Toner
Donald Trump
Rex Tillerson
2017–2019
Heather Nauert
[24]
Rex Tillerson,
Mike Pompeo
2019–2021
Morgan Ortagus
Mike Pompeo
2021–2023
Ned Price
Joe Biden
Antony Blinken
2023–present
Matthew Miller
References
^
"Bureau of Public Affairs: Senior Official Biographies" . U.S. Department of State. October 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2015 .
^
"Victoria Nuland to be State Department spokesman" .
Foreign Policy . May 16, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2015 .
^
"Biographies for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy: Senior Officials" . August 10, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2015 .
^
"John Kirby" .
U.S. Department of State . December 11, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
^
"In first month of Trump presidency, State Department has been sidelined" .
Washington Post . February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2017 .
^ Gleijeses, Piero (1991). Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944–1954 . Princeton University Press.
^ Neal, Steve (2003). HST: Memories of the Truman Years . Southern Illinois University Press.
^
"Lincoln White is Dead at 77; U.S. Spokesman in Cold War" .
The New York Times . April 28, 1983. Retrieved November 28, 2015 .
^
"Robert J. McCloskey, State Dept. Spokesman, Dies at 74" .
The New York Times . November 30, 1996. Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Carl E. Bartch Dies at 78" .
Washington Post . October 2, 1989. Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Robert Anderson Papers" .
Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"William Hodding Carter III (1935–)" . U.S. Department of State,
Office of the Historian . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"William Jennings Dyess (1929–1966)" . U.S. Department of State,
Office of the Historian . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Dean E. Fischer (1936–)" . U.S. Department of State,
Office of the Historian . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"(Robert) John Hughes (1930–)" . U.S. Department of State,
Office of the Historian . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Bernard Kalb: From NBC to the State Department" .
Brookings Institution . October 2, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Charles Edgar Redman (1943–)" . U.S. Department of State,
Office of the Historian . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Margaret Debardeleben Tutwiler (1950–)" . U.S. Department of State,
Office of the Historian . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
a
b
"Richard A. Boucher" . U.S. Department of State. February 21, 2006. Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"And the good news is...: A conversation with former White House Press Secretaries Dana Perino and Mike McCurry" .
American Enterprise Institute . April 23, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Nicholas Burns" . U.S. Department of State. Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"James Rubin" .
Washington Speakers Bureau . Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Department Spokesman Sean McCormack" . U.S. Department of State. July 18, 2005. Retrieved November 21, 2015 .
^
"Department Press Briefing - April 27, 2017" . U.S. Department of State . Retrieved July 15, 2017 .
External links