From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of flukes
Spirorchiidae is a family of
digenetic
trematodes . Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease
spirorchiidiosis . Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of
turtles .
[1]
[2] It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921.
Genera
Amphiorchis Price, 1934
Baracktrema Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016
Cardiotrema Dwivedi, 1967
Carettacola Manter & Larson, 1950
Cheloneotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933
Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940
Hapalorhynchus Stunkard, 1922
Hapalotrema Looss, 1899
Learedius Price, 1934
Monticellius Mehra, 1939
Neocaballerotrema Simha, 1977
Neospirorchis Price, 1934
Plasmiorchis Mehra, 1934
Platt Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018
Satyanarayanotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
Shobanatrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
Spirhapalum Ejsmont, 1927
Spirorchis MacCallum, 1919
Unicaecum Stunkard, 1925
Uterotrema Platt & Pichelin, 1994
Vasotrema Stunkard, 1928
Hosts
Freshwater spirorchiids have been reported to infect the freshwater snails
Helisoma trivolvis ,
Helisoma anceps ,
Physa sp.,
Menetus dilatatus ,
Ferrissia fragilis ,
Biomphalaria occide ,
Biomphalaria sudanica ,
Biomphalaria glabrata ,
Biomphalaria tenagophila ,
Pomacea sp. and
Indoplanorbis exustus as intermediate hosts.
[3]
[4] Marine species have been reported to infect
vermetid gastropods belonging to the genera
Thylacodes ,
Thylaeodus , and
Dendropoma , and
terebellid polychaetes belonging to the genera
Amphitrite and
Enoplobranchus as intermediate hosts.
[5]
[3]
[6]
The cardiovascular parasites
Learedius learedi ,
Hapalotrema postorchis ,
Monticellius indicum and
Amphiorchis solus have been found in the
green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas ).
[7]
Spirhapalum siamensis is a parasite found in the heart of the
Amboina box turtle (Cuora amboinensis ).
[8]
References
^ Snyder, S. D. (2004).
Phylogeny and paraphyly among tetrapod blood flukes (Digenea: Schistosomatidae and Spirorchiidae). International Journal for Parasitology 34(12), 1385-92.
^ Roberts, Jackson R.; Orelis-Ribeiro, Raphael; Halanych, Kenneth M.; Arias, Cova R.; Bullard, Stephen A. (2016).
"A new species of Spirorchis MacCallum, 1918 (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea) and Spirorchis cf. scripta from chicken turtle, Deirochelys reticularia (Emydidae), with an emendation and molecular phylogeny of Spirorchis " . Folia Parasitologica . 63 .
doi :
10.14411/fp.2016.041 .
ISSN
0015-5683 .
PMID
28003567 .
^
a
b Corner, Richard D.; Cribb, Thomas H.; Cutmore, Scott C. (2022-03-01).
"Vermetid gastropods as key intermediate hosts for a lineage of marine turtle blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae), with evidence of transmission at a turtle rookery" . International Journal for Parasitology . 52 (4): 225–241.
doi :
10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.08.008 .
ISSN
0020-7519 .
PMID
34742720 .
S2CID
243490705 .
^ Liu, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Idris, M. A.; Lokman, H. S.; Rajapakse, P. V. J.; Satrija, F.; Diaz, J. L.; Upatham, E. S.; Attwood, S. W. (2010).
"The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia" . Parasites & Vectors . 3 : 57.
doi :
10.1186/1756-3305-3-57 .
PMC
2914737 .
PMID
20602771 . .
^ Cribb, Thomas H.; Crespo-Picazo, Jose L.; Cutmore, Scott C.; Stacy, Brian A.; Chapman, Phoebe A.; García-Párraga, Daniel (2017).
"Elucidation of the first definitively identified life cycle for a marine turtle blood fluke (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae) enables informed control" . International Journal for Parasitology . 47 (1): 61–67.
doi :
10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.11.002 .
PMID
28003149 .
^ de Buron, Isaure; Colon, Beatrice L.; Siegel, Sasha V.; Oberstaller, Jenna; Rivero, Andrea; Kyle, Dennis E. (2018).
"First evidence of polychaete intermediate hosts for Neospirorchis spp. marine turtle blood flukes (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae)" . International Journal for Parasitology . 48 (14): 1097–1106.
doi :
10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.08.002 .
PMID
30367866 .
S2CID
53093238 .
^ Santoro, M.; Morales, J. A.; Rodríguez-Ortíz, B. (2007). "Spirorchiidiosis (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) and lesions associated with parasites in Caribbean green turtles (Chelonia mydas )". The Veterinary Record . 161 (14): 482–486.
doi :
10.1136/vr.161.14.482 .
PMID
17921440 .
S2CID
23697018 . .
^ Tkach, V. V.; Snyder, S. D.; Vaughan, J. A. (2009). "A New Species of Blood Fluke (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) from the Malayan Box Turtle, Cuora amboinensis (Cryptodira: Geomydidae) in Thailand". Journal of Parasitology . 95 (3): 743–746.
doi :
10.1645/GE-1858.1 .
PMID
19093710 .
S2CID
26410279 . .