'{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}} The '''Google Book Search Settlement Agreement''' was a proposed settlement agreement between the [[Authors Guild]], the [[Association of American Publishers]] and [[Google]] in settlement of [[Authors Guild v. Google|''Authors Guild et al. v. Google'']], a class action lawsuit alleging [[copyright infringement]]. The settlement was initially proposed in 2008, and ultimately rejected by the court in 2011. In late 2013, the presiding U.S. Circuit Judge dismissed ''Authors Guild et al. v. Google''.<ref>[http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/content-and-e-books/article/60006-google-wins-court-issues-a-ringing-endorsement-of-google-books.html Google Wins: Court Issues a Ringing Endorsement of Google Books], Publishers weekly, Nov 14, 2013</ref> ==Lawsuit history== ===Background=== {{See also|Google Books Library Project|Google Books}} In 2002, Google began digitizing books in libraries.<ref>{{cite news | first=Noam | last=Cohen | title=Some Fear Google’s Power in Digital Books | date=February 1, 2009 | url =http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/technology/internet/02link.html | work =New York Times | accessdate =March 26, 2010 }}</ref> In 2004, Google launched Book Search, allowing users to search its database of books. Users could view snippets of copyrighted books, and download and view full copies of public domain books. ===Lawsuit=== {{Main|Authors Guild v. Google}} On September 20, 2005, the Authors Guild filed a [[class action]] lawsuit in the Southern District of New York against Google. The Authors Guild argued that Google's Library Project involved "massive copyright infringement" because it created digital copies of copyrighted works.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 20, 2005 |title=Complaint 05 CV 8136: ''Author's Guild v. Google'' |url=http://www.authorsguild.org/advocacy/articles/settlement-resources.attachment/authors-guild-v-google/Authors%20Guild%20v%20Google%2009202005.pdf |publisher=[[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]] |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Authors Guild Sues Google, Citing 'Massive Copyright Infringement' |publisher=[[Authors Guild]] |date=September 20, 2005 |url=http://www.authorsguild.org/advocacy/articles/authorsguildsuesgooglecitingmassivecopyrightinfringement.html |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref> In response, Google temporarily suspended scanning copyrighted works to allow for changes to its Print Publisher Program and allow copyright owners to submit lists of books they wish to be excluded.<ref>{{cite news |first=Margaret |last=Kane |date=August 25, 2005 |title=Google pauses library project |url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-pauses-library-project/2100-1025_3-5830035.html |publisher=[[CNET Networks]] |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref> On October 19, 2005, the [[Association of American Publishers]] filed another lawsuit against Google for copyright infringement, seeking injunctive relief.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 19, 2005 |title=Complaint 05 CV 8881: ''McGraw-Hill v. Google'' |url=http://publishers.org/main/Copyright/attachments/40_McGraw-Hill_v_Google.pdf |publisher=[[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]] |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref> Google responded that its use was a [[fair use]] because they were only showing "snippets" for books where they did not have permission from a rightsholder.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 8, 2005 |title=Answer 05 CV 8136 (JES): ''Author's Guild v. Google'' |url=http://www.authorsguild.org/advocacy/articles/settlement-resources.attachment/googles-answer-to-publishers/Google%27s%20Answer%20to%20Publishers%2011082005.pdf |publisher=[[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]] |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref> In the Spring of 2006 the parties began negotiations to settle the lawsuit. ===Case dismissal=== On November 14, 2013 the case, Authors Guild Inc. et al. v. Google Inc. (U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 05-08136), was dismissed by U.S. Circuit Judge [[Denny Chin]] in Manhattan. This was a victory for Google, granting them the right to expand their digital library.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/14/us-google-books-idUSBRE9AD0TT20131114 "Google defeats authors in U.S. book-scanning lawsuit"], Jonathan Stempel, Reuters, November 14, 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.</ref> ==Proposed settlements== There have been several proposed settlement agreements, but none were accepted. On October 28, 2008, Google announced an agreement to pay $125&nbsp;million to settle the lawsuit.<ref>{{cite news | first=Stephanie | last=Condon | title=Google reaches $125 million settlement with authors | date=October 28, 2008 | url =http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-10076948-38.html | work =[[cnet]] | accessdate =March 26, 2010 }}</ref> The settlement agreement also included licensing provisions, allowing Google to sell personal and institutional subscriptions to its database of books. On November 9, 2009, the parties filed an amended settlement agreement<ref name="Pohl">{{cite news | first=R.D. | last=Pohl | title=Google Books Settlement gets a makeover | date=November 17, 2009 | url =http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12C0D444C11DDF98&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM | work =The Buffalo News | accessdate =March 26, 2010 }}</ref> after the Department of Justice filed a brief suggesting that the initial agreement may violate US anti-trust laws. The court held a Fairness Hearing on February 18, 2010.<ref name="blogs.buffalonews.com">{{cite news | first=R.D. | last=Pohl | title=Google Books Settlement "fairness hearing" under way | date=February 19, 2010 | url =http://blogs.buffalonews.com/artsbeat/2010/02/google-books-settlement-fairness-hearing-underway.html | work =The Buffalo News | accessdate =March 26, 2010 }}</ref> On March 22, 2011 supervising judge [[Denny Chin]] issued a ruling rejecting the settlement.<ref name="forbes.com">{{cite news |title=NYC judge rejects Google books settlement |url=http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/03/22/technology-us-google-book-battle_8369216.html |agency=Associated Press |date=March 23, 1011 |accessdate=March 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="order">''Authors Guild et al. v. Google, Inc.'', no. 05-8136 (S.D.N.Y. March 22, 2011), [http://thepublicindex.org/docs/amended_settlement/opinion.pdf order].</ref> Chin urged that the settlement be revised from "opt-out" to "opt-in" and set an April 25 date for a "status conference" at which to discuss next steps.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">Page, Benedicte, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/mar/23/google-books-settlement-ruling "New York judge rules against Google books settlement"], ''The Guardian'', Wednesday March 23, 2011</ref> A series of status conferences were held throughout 2011, but an amended "opt-in" settlement was not reached. The case was scheduled to go to court by July 2012,<ref name="publishersweekly.com">[http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/48709-judge-adopts-pre-trial-schedule-at-google-status-conference-but-settlement-talks-continue.html Judge Adopts Trial Schedule At Google Status Conference, but Settlement Talks Continue] September 15, 2011, Publishers Weekly</ref> after Judge Chin certified the class represented by the Authors Guild.<ref>SDNY, May 31, 2012.</ref> However, in 2013, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the class certification, and remanded the case to the District Court for consideration of the [[fair use]] issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/2eb132ff-87bc-426a-96a9-ebac6d287970/2/doc/12-3200_opn.pdf#xml=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/2eb132ff-87bc-426a-96a9-ebac6d287970/2/hilite/|title = 12-3200-cv Authors Guild Inc., et al. v. Google Inc. 07-01-2013 OPN|date = 2013-07-01|accessdate = 2015-02-19|website = 12-3200_opn.pdf|publisher = United States Court of Appeals 2nd Circuit|last = |first = }}</ref> Judge Chin then received the case and ordered that both parties "file their oppositions to the cross-motions for summary judgment" with brief legal memoranda under a strict timeline for subsequent oral arguments, responses, and replies.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://dockets.justia.com/docket/new-york/nysdce/1:2005cv08136/273913|title = The Authors Guild et al v. Google Inc. :: Justia Dockets & Filings|date = 2013-11-27|accessdate = 2015-02-19|website = The Authors Guild et al v. Google Inc. :: Justia Dockets & Filings|publisher = Justia Dockets & Filings|last = |first = }}</ref> In view of the statements, affidavits, evidence discovery, and arguments, Judge Chin ruled that "the plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment is denied and Google's motion for summary judgment is granted".<ref name=":0" /> On 23 December the same year, a filing for appeal was submitted by the Association of American Publishers, Inc. and lawyers on behalf of multiple publishing companies, The Authors Guild et al., moving the case back into the U.S. Second Circuit Courts.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.infodocket.com/2014/04/11/authors-guild-files-brief-in-google-books-appeal-says-congress-should-create-a-national-digital-library/|title = <nowiki>The Authors Guild Files Brief in Google Books Appeal & Proposes That Congress Establish a National Digital Library | LJ INFOdocket</nowiki>|date = 2014-04-11|accessdate = 2015-02-20|website = <nowiki>The Authors Guild Files Brief in Google Books Appeal & Proposes That Congress Establish a National Digital Library | LJ INFOdocket</nowiki>|publisher = LJ INFOdocket|last = |first = }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ===Initial settlement agreement=== In October 2008, the parties to the lawsuit proposed a Settlement Agreement, which called for Google to pay out $125&nbsp;million: $45&nbsp;million would go to pay rightsholders whose copyrights had allegedly been infringed; $15.5&nbsp;million to the publishers' legal fees; $30&nbsp;million to the authors' lawyers; and $34.5&nbsp;million to create a [[Book Rights Registry]], a form of [[copyright collective]] to collect revenues from Google and dispense them to the rightsholders. In exchange, the agreement released Google and its library partners from liability for its book digitization. The agreement was built upon an intricate joint venture arrangement for the management of Google's book project, including a variety of revenue models. Google would generate revenue through an institutional subscription for libraries and a consumer subscription for perpetual access to individual books, referral links to retail booksellers, and advertising on book pages.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=Google Press Center | title= Copyright Accord Would Make Millions More Books Available Online | url=http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/20081027_booksearchagreement.html | accessdate=November 22, 2008 }}</ref> ===Amended settlement agreement=== In November 2009, the parties amended the settlement agreement.<ref name="Pohl" /> The amended agreement includes the following significant changes: ;Foreign works :The amended agreement limited the scope to foreign books that are registered with the [[U.S. Copyright Office]] or published in the UK, Canada, or Australia.<ref>{{cite news | first=Keach | last=Hagey | title=Understanding the Google publishing settlement | date=March 17, 2010 | url =http://www.thenational.ae/business/media/understanding-the-google-publishing-settlement | work =The National | accessdate =March 26, 2010 }}</ref> Additionally, the amended agreement added board members to the Books Rights Registry from the UK, Canada, and Australia. ;Revenue model :The rightsholder has the ability to renegotiate the revenue share, and Google has added flexibility in discounting. ;Unclaimed works :The amended agreement created a fiduciary to hold payments due to [[orphan works]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Sherwin | last=Siy | title=The New Google Book Settlement: First Impressions on Orphan Works | date=November 17, 2009 | url =http://www.publicknowledge.org/node/2770 | work =Public Knowledge | accessdate =March 26, 2010 }}</ref> If the rightsholder is never ascertained, the funds are distributed [[cy-près]] instead of redistributed among rightsholders. ;Public access license :The amended agreement expanded the number of public licenses allowed for a library. In February 2009, a Google Book Search Settlement web site was created where rightsholders could claim their books for the purposes of the settlement.<ref name=schonfeld>{{cite web |first=Erick |last=Schonfeld |date=February 11, 2009 |title=Google Book Settlement Site Is Up; Paying Authors $60 Per Scanned Book |url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/02/11/google-book-settlement-site-is-up-paying-authors-60-per-scanned-book/ |publisher=[[TechCrunch]] |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref> Rightsholders whose books have been digitized by Google and who have claimed their books will receive a one-time payment of $60 per book, or $5 to $15 for partial works (called "inserts"),<ref name=schonfeld/> plus 63% of all revenues associated with their works, including subscription, referrals, and advertisements.<ref name=schonfeld/> After claiming a book, a rightsholder will also have the ability to alter the default display settings. ===Amended settlement agreement rejection=== The court held a Fairness Hearing on February 18, 2010.<ref name="blogs.buffalonews.com"/> On March 22, 2011 supervising judge [[Denny Chin]] issued a ruling rejecting the settlement.<ref name="forbes.com"/> Chin discussed seven objections to the settlement in his opinion, including the common objections about implications relating to copyright, antitrust, privacy, and international law. Chin's primary reason for blocking the settlement was based on the fact that the amended settlement agreement would "release Google (and others) from liability for certain future acts."<ref name="order"/><ref>Grimmelmann, James.[http://laboratorium.net/archive/2011/03/22/inside_judge_chins_opinion Inside Judge Chin's Opinion].</ref> Chin urged that the settlement be revised from "opt-out" to "opt-in" and set an April 25 date for a "status conference" at which to discuss next steps.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> A status conference was held on June 1, 2011 which deferred the meeting until July 19.<ref>[http://infodocket.com/2011/06/01/google-book-settlement-status-conference-begins-and-ends-in-a-matter-of-minutes/ Google Book Settlement Status Conference Begins and Ends in a Matter of Minutes]</ref> At the July 19 status conference the parties attempted to "reassure Judge Chin that the negotiations were making real progress," and Judge Chin scheduled another status conference for September 15, urging the parties to come to an acceptable opt-in agreement or face a "tight discovery schedule".<ref>Grimmelmann, James [http://laboratorium.net/archive/2011/07/19/gbs_status_conference_opt-in_settlement_in_the_wor GBS Status Conference: Opt-in Settlement in the Works?]</ref> The status conference on September 15 resulted in a discovery schedule that would have had the case at trial by July 2012.<ref name="publishersweekly.com"/> ==Criticisms== ===Copyright=== [[Siva Vaidhyanathan]], associate professor of Media Studies and Law at the [[University of Virginia]], has argued that the project poses a danger for the doctrine of fair use, because the fair use claims are arguably so excessive that it may cause judicial limitation of that right.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Siva |last=Vaidhyanathan |authorlink=Siva Vaidhyanathan |date=March 2007 |title=The Googlization of Everything and the Future of Copyright |url=http://lawreview.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/Vol40/Issue3/DavisVol40No3_Vaidhyanathan.pdf |journal=University of California Davis Law Review |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=1207–1231 |accessdate=May 26, 2009 |issn=0197-4564}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Terje |last=Hillesund |date=September 3, 2007 |title=Reading Books in the Digital Age subsequent to Amazon, Google and the long tail |url=http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2012/1887 |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |accessdate=May 26, 2009 |volume=12 |issue=9}}</ref> Because of the settlement, ''Author's Guild et al. v. Google'' leaves the fair use dispute unresolved. In December 2009, science fiction and [[fantasy]] author [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] announced on her website her resignation from the Authors' Guild over the settlement, claiming the leadership of the Guild had "sold us [its members] down the river" and that the settlement threatened "the whole concept of copyright."<ref>[http://www.ursulakleguin.com/Note-AGResignation.html Open letter of resignation from the Authors' Guild by Ursula K. Le Guin]</ref> ===Anti-trust=== Since the settlement agreement covers the previously digitized books and provides a revenue model for future digitization, it "[gives] Google control over the digitizing of virtually all books covered by copyright in the United States."<ref>{{cite journal |first=Robert |last=Darnton |authorlink=Robert Darnton |date=February 12, 2009 |title=Google & the Future of Books |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22281 |journal=[[The New York Review of Books]] |volume=56 |issue=2 |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref> Since the license agreement is non-exclusive, it does not necessarily tie publishers to Google's service. In a journal article, MIT Professor Jerry A. Hausman and Criterion Economics Chairman J. Gregory Sidak conclude that the service will be unable to exercise market power. Hausman and Sidak believe that Google Book Search should, on net, yield a significant gain in consumer surplus.<ref>{{cite journal |authorlink=Jerry A. Hausman and J. Gregory Sidak |date=August 26, 2009 |title=Google and the Proper Antitrust Scrutiny of Orphan Books |url=http://www.criterioneconomics.com/Google%20and%20the%20Proper%20Antitrust%20Scrutiny%20of%20Orphan%20Books.pdf|journal=[[Journal of Competition Law & Economics]] |volume=5 |issue=3 |accessdate=August 27, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> ===Censorship=== Google will be able to create a "content management system" with their scans as a result of the settlement<ref>{{cite web |first=Miracle |last=Jones |date=April 27, 2009 |title=The Fiction Circus Interviews James Grimmelmann About the Google Books Settlement |url=http://www.fictioncircus.com/news.php?id=356&mode=one |work=[[The Fiction Circus]] |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref> and will have the power to remove inappropriate books the same way that it is able to remove inappropriate movies from YouTube. Some{{Who|date=April 2010}} fear that this could lead to censorship and that there is public interest in protecting the scans from being buried behind Google's ranking system. ===Privacy=== At the Final Fairness Hearing, privacy advocates such as the EFF and ACLU voiced concerns that Google would keep a record of books accessed through Book Search.<ref>{{cite news | title=Amended Google Book Settlement: Doesn't Deal with Privacy Problems | date=November 17, 2009 | url =http://www.aclunc.org/issues/technology/blog/amended_google_book_settlement_doesn't_deal_with_privacy_problems.shtml | work =[[ACLU]] of Northern California | accessdate =March 26, 2010 }}</ref> Privacy advocates want Google to provide privacy assurances comparable to those enjoyed by visitors to traditional libraries.<ref>[http://www.eff.org/issues/privacy/google-book-search-settlement Google Book Search Settlement and Reader Privacy]</ref><ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/171089/privacy_missing_from_google_books_settlement.html Privacy Missing From Google Books Settlement], PW World, August 28, 2009</ref> ===Periodicals=== In 2008, Google announced that via partnerships with magazine publishers, content from titles such as [[New York (magazine)|New York]], [[Popular Mechanics]], and [[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] would be made available via Google Book Search.<ref>{{cite web|last=Foulser|first=Dave|title=Search and find magazines on Google Book Search|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/12/search-and-find-magazines-on-google.html|work=Official Blog|publisher=Google|accessdate=29 April 2013}}</ref> Section 1.19 and 1.104 of the Settlement Agreement defined books in a way that specifically excluded periodicals, personal papers, and other materials.<ref name="Authors Guild vs. Google" /> As of April 2013, full issues of periodical titles appear in Google Books as individual books, even though most bibliographic databases, many of which provide data to Google, make clear delineations between books and periodicals. Further, Google displays complete back issues of many titles without providing content contributors to those issues a means to exercise their electronic publishing rights.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kevles|first=Barbara|title=Will Google Books Library Project End Copyright?|journal=AALL Spectrum|date=May 2013|volume=17|issue=7|pages=34–36, 47|url=http://www.aallnet.org/main-menu/Publications/spectrum/vol-17/No-7/google-books.pdf|accessdate=29 April 2013}}</ref> ===Response to the amended settlement=== Before the amended settlement, the Open Book Alliance released a framework for "Settlement 2.0":<ref>[http://www.openbookalliance.org/2009/11/open-book-alliance-releases-baseline-requirements-for-revised-google-book-settlement-proposal/ Open Book Alliance Releases Baseline Requirements for Revised Google Book Settlement Proposal]</ref> *The settlement must not grant Google an exclusive set of rights (de facto or otherwise) or result in any one entity gaining control over access to and distribution of the world’s largest digital database of books. *Authors and other rights holders must retain meaningful rights and the ability to determine the use of their works that have been scanned by Google. *The settlement must result in the creation of a true digital library that grants all researchers and users, commercial and non-commercial, full access that guarantees the ability to innovate on the knowledge it contains. *All class members must be treated equitably. *The settlement cannot provide for competition by making others engage in future litigation. *Congress must retain the exclusive authority granted by the U.S. Constitution to set copyright policy. *All rights holders impacted by the settlement must have a meaningful ability to receive notice, understand its terms and opt-out. *The parties that negotiated the settlement must live under the terms to which they seek to bind others, rather than their own separately negotiated arrangements. After the amended settlement, the Open Book Alliance said, "Fundamentally, this settlement remains a set-piece designed to serve the private commercial interests of Google and its partners...by performing surgical nip and tuck...[they] are attempting to distract people from their continued efforts to establish a monopoly over digital-content access and distribution." The Open Book Alliance outlined its major concerns:<ref name="chronicle.com">[http://chronicle.com/article/Parties-Submit-New-Proposal-to/49163/ Parties Submit New Proposal to Settle Google Book Search Litigation]</ref> *The settlement still allows Google to purchase a monopoly on digital books. *Authors must still opt out of the agreement even if they have not given their consent to be included in the deal. *Google’s claims regarding the Unclaimed Works Fiduciary are misleading and simply false. *Consumer privacy has not been protected or improved. *Academic libraries and independent researchers are still at the mercy of pricing from Google’s one stop book shop. *Instead of negotiating with stakeholders, Google cuts them out. The ruling outlined key areas of contention with the settlement: 1) Adequacy of Class Notice; 2) Adequacy of Class Representation; 3) Scope of Relief Under Rule 23 (relating to forward-looking business arrangements); 4) Copyright Concerns; 5) Antitrust Concerns; 6) Privacy Concerns; and 7) International Law Concerns. Among those described by Judge Chin to be of most concern were the copyright concerns and the scope of relief under rule 23. While Chin states "that most of the Grinnell factors favor approval of the settlement," several over-riding issues favored denying the settlement.<ref name="Authors Guild vs. Google">{{cite book|last=Chin|first=Denny|title=The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc. (05 CIV 8136)|year=2011|publisher=United States District Court Southern District of New York|url=http://demo.tizra.com/The_Authors_Guild_et_al_vs_Google_Inc_05_CIV_8136/18|authorlink=Denny Chin}}</ref>{{rp|18}} The settlement would have "transfer[ed] to Google certain rights in exchange for future and ongoing arrangements, including the sharing of future proceeds, and it would release Google (and others) from liability for certain future acts," which "exceeds what the Court may permit under Rule 23." Judge Chin suggested that this is a matter best dealt with by Congress, not the courts. Judge Chin also Determined that the settlement exceeded the scope of the claims against Google and "would release claims well beyond those contemplated by the pleadings." In addition, the judge carefully considered the concerns of members of the class who claimed they were not adequately covered by the class. In considering the copyright claims. Chin wrote, "It is incongruous with the purpose of the copyright laws to place the onus on copyright owners to come forward to protect their rights when Google copied their works without first seeking their permission." ==See also== * [[Google and the World Brain]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Further reading== *{{Cite journal | author = Eric M. Fraser | date = September 2010 | title = Antitrust and the Google Books Settlement: The Problem of Simultaneity | journal = Stanford Technology Law Review | volume = 2010 | issue = 4 | ssrn = 1417722 }} *{{Cite journal | author = James Grimmelmann | date =April 2009 | title =How to Fix the Google Book Search Settlement | periodical =Journal of Internet Law | volume =12 | issue =10 | url =http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=james_grimmelmann }} ([[CC-BY]]) *{{cite web |url=http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20090929_scanning_the_horizon_of_books_and_libraries/?ln |title=Scanning the Horizon of Books and Libraries |date=September 29, 2009 |author=Amy Goodman |publisher=[[truthdig]] }} *Flood, Alison, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/feb/23/authors-opt-out-google-book-settlement "Thousands of authors opt out of Google book settlement"], ''The Guardian'', February 23, 2010 *{{Cite journal | author =Andrés Guadamuz | date =July 2009 | title =Google and Book Publishers Settle: Legal and Technical Implications | periodical =WIPO Magazine | volume =2009 | issue =4 | url =http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2009/04/article_0004.html }} *Patten, Grant, [http://www.grpatten.com/DemystGoogle.pdf "Demystifying Google: The Book Search Controversy and How to Understand It"], ''University of Toronto'', April 4, 2011 *{{Cite journal | author =Harvard Law Review | date =March 2012 | title =Southern District of New York Rejects Proposed Google Books Settlement Agreement. — Authors Guild v. Google Inc., 770 F. Supp. 2d 666 (S.D.N.Y. 2011). | periodical =Harvard Law Review | volume =125 | issue =5 | url =http://www.harvardlawreview.org/media/pdf/vol125_authors_guild_v_google.pdf }} ==External links== *[http://www.booktv.org/Program/10785/A+Tale+of+the+Google+Book+Settlement+and+the+Public+Interest+Conclusions+on+the+Competitive+Elements.aspx C-SPAN Booktv: A Tale of the Google Book Settlement and the Public Interest: Conclusions on the Competitive Elements] *[http://www.asja.org/google/#statement American Society of Journalists and Authors – statement] *[http://www.authorsguild.org/advocacy/articles/settlement-resources.html Authors Guild v. Google – Settlement Resources Page] *[http://books.google.com/booksrightsholders/ Google Book Search Settlement administrative site] *[http://www.googlebooksettlement.com/ Google Book Settlement] *[http://www.nwubook.org National Writers Union Book Division] *[http://thepublicindex.org/ The Public Index], a site to study and discuss the proposed Google Book Search settlement. *[http://writersandeditors.com/copyright__work_for_hire__and_other_rights_issues_57380.htm#bookmark6 Google Book Settlement (Pro and Con)] *[http://www.opencontentalliance.org/ Open Content Alliance] *[http://www.openbookalliance.org/ Open Book Alliance] *[http://dockets.justia.com/docket/court-nysdce/case_no-1:2005cv08136/case_id-273913 Federal District Court Filings (Author's Guild vs. Google, 2005–2009)] *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01qxmqc Google and the World Brain], BBC4 [[Storyville (TV series)|Storyville]] broadcast of a documentary on Google Books and the lawsuit [[Category:Google litigation]] [[Category:United States copyright case law]] [[Category:Mass digitization]] [[Category:Google Books]]'