Cinema of South Asian countries
South Asian cinema refers to the
cinema of
Afghanistan ,
Bangladesh ,
Bhutan ,
India ,
Maldives ,
Nepal ,
Pakistan and
Sri Lanka .
[1]
[2]
[3] The broader terms Asian cinema , Eastern cinema and Oriental cinema in common usage often encompass
South Asia as well as
East Asia and
Southeast Asia .
[2]
Cinema is prominent in South Asia, with the
Bollywood (representing the most-spoken language in the region of
Hindi ) and
South Indian film industries being the most dominant.
[4]
[5] Pakistan's
Lollywood also is growing,
[6] while historically,
Bengali cinema was highly acclaimed by international film circles.
[7]
[8]
The
Far East as a cultural block includes
East Asia (green),
Southeast Asia (blue) and
South Asia (orange).
Styles and genres
The scope of South Asian cinema is huge and takes in a wide array of different
film styles , linguistic regions, and
genres . South Asian cinema is particularly famous in the West for:
Regional industries
Bangladeshi cinema
Bangladeshi film industry , is the
Bengali language film industry based in
Dhaka ,
Bangladesh . The industry often generally referred to as
Dhakai Cinema or
Dhallywood , has been a significant film industry since the early 1970s. The 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and the first half of the 1990s were the golden years for Bangladeshi films as the industry produced many successful films. The industry has recently begun receiving international acclaim and many Bangladeshi films are getting released internationally.
Indian cinema
India contains many
state languages which have film industries centered on them. Although
Hindi is the official language of government business in northern regions of India, its often-used dialect
Hindustani is the most widespread language but covers only 40% of the total population, and English is widely understood irrespective of region, the state languages are preserved for official use by different states in India, and many have as many speakers as an average
European nation. Regional industries have also tended to produce a higher percentage of serious art films and political films. Bangladeshi cinema is filmed in
Bengali and Sri Lankan cinema is filmed in
Sinhala and
Tamil .
Hindi Cinema , popularly known as
Bollywood , is based in
Mumbai . This film industry is the most prolific and popular in South Asia.
South Indian cinema , which in recent years has become on par with Bollywood in terms of box office revenue
[9]
Telugu cinema , popularly known as
Tollywood , which comes from the mixture of
Hollywood and
Telugu , based in
Hyderabad, Telangana . It was formerly located in
Chennai ,
Tamil Nadu .
Tamil cinema - The
Tamil film industry (also known as Kollywood) based in the
Kodambakkam area of
Chennai (formerly Madras).
Kannada cinema , based in
Bangalore ,
Karnataka . The industry is known for churning out parallel and commercial movies with equal success.
Malayalam Cinema ,
Malayalam film industry, sometimes known as
Mollywood , based in
Kochi and
Trivandrum in
Kerala . Several of its directors such as
Shaji N. Karun have also received international acclaim.
Marathi cinema , based in
Mumbai and
Pune .
Bhojpuri cinema , based in
Bihar and
Bhojpuri Language speaking regions of
Bihar and
Jharkhand .
Bengali Cinema - long centered in the
Tollygunge area of
Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). This film industry is known for producing many internationally acclaimed films by directors such as
Satyajit Ray ,
Budhhadeb Dasgupta ,
Mrinal Sen , and
Ritwik Ghatak .
Gujarati cinema , based in
Gujarat .
Haryanvi cinema , Haryanvi language cinema, based in
Haryana
Chhollywood , the
Chhattisgarhi language based film industry based in the state of
Chhattisgarh .
Dogri cinema , Dogri Language cinema of
Jammu region.
Kashmiri cinema , Kashmiri Language cinema of
Kashmir valley .
Cinema of Rajasthan , Based in Rajasthan
Cinema of Odisha , the
Odia language film industry based in
Bhubaneshwar and
Cuttack .
Punjabi film industry , based in
Punjab , India, popularly known as Pollywood
Manipuri film industry , based in Manipur and produces mostly
Meitei language films. It is the biggest film industry of
North East India .
Assamese film industry , based in
Assam .
Tulu cinema Tulu language-speaking regions of Karnataka viz.
Tulu Nadu based in
Mangalore .
Santali cinema Santali speaking regions on Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha & Assam
Nepali cinema
Pakistani cinema
Balochi cinema , based in
Quetta ,
Balochistan is the home of Balochi language film productions.
Lollywood , based in
Lahore ,
Punjab for
Punjabi cinema and
Karachi ,
Sindh for
Urdu cinema .
Pashto cinema , based in
Peshawar ,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the home of Pashto language film productions.
Sindhi cinema , based in
Karachi ,
Sindh ,
Pakistan is the home of the Sindhi language film productions.
Others
Some figures of South Asian cinema
Directors
A. R. Murugadoss – Tamil director (
Ghajini ,
Ghajini ,
Thuppakki ,
Kaththi ,
Sarkar ,
Darbar )
Abu Shahed Emon
Adoor Gopalakrishnan – Malayalam director (
Elippathayam ,
Swayamvaram ).
Alamgir Kabir
Amitabh Reza Chowdhury
Anurag Kashyap - (
Gangs of Wasseypur ,
Black Friday )
Aparna Sen – Indian Bengali actress and director (
36 Chowringhee Lane ,
Mr. and Mrs. Iyer ).
Ashutosh Gowariker – Contemporary Hindi actor, director and producer (
Lagaan ).
Asoka Handagama - recognized as the pioneer of Sri Lankan cinema's ‘ third revolution’
Balu Mahendra –
Sri Lanka -born Tamil and
Malayalam director (Sandhya Raagam , Veedu ).
Basu Chatterjee – (
Chitchor ).
Bharathiraja – Tamil director who captured village life (
Muthal Mariyathai ,
Vedham Pudhithu ).
Bimal Roy – Hindi film director (
Devdas ,
Do Bigha Zameen ).
Boyapati Srinu
Budhhadeb Dasgupta –
Uttara , internationally acclaimed filmmaker known for surrealism and magical realism.
Chashi Nazrul Islam
Dasari Narayana Rao
Deepa Mehta – Indian-born Canadian director best known for her "elements trilogy".
Fire ,
Earth ,
Water ).
Dharmasena Pathiraja - Widely recognized as the pioneer of Sri Lankan cinema's ‘second revolution’
Ehtesham
EVV Satyanarayana
Fateh Lohani
Girish Karnad – (
Anand Bhairavi ).
Govind Nihalani – Cinematographer and director.
Gurinder Chadha – British director (
Bend It Like Beckham ,
Bride and Prejudice ).
Guru Dutt – Hindi actor, director and producer of the 1950s and '60s (
Mr. & Mrs. '55 ,
Kaagaz Ke Phool ,
Pyaasa ).
Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Hindi film director known for (
Anand ,
Abhimaan ).
Humayun Ahmed – One of the most successful writers and directors of
Bangladesh .
K. Asif –
Mughal-e-Azam
K. Balachander – Tamil director.
K. Raghavendra Rao
K. S. Ravikumar – Tamil film director (
Muthu ,
Padayappa ,
Dasavathaaram )
K. Viswanath – Telugu director known for films like
Sankarabharanam ,
Swathi Muthyam ,
Swayam Krushi .
Kamal Amrohi –
Mahal
Pakeeza
Razia Sultan
Kamar Ahmed Saimon
Ketan Mehta – (
Bhavni Bhavai ,
Maya Memsaab ).
Khan Ataur Rahman
Krishna Vamsi
Lester James Peries - Considered as the father of Sri Lankan cinema
Madhur Bhandarkar – Director and screenwriter (
Page 3 ,
Chandni Bar ).
Malaka Dewapriya - is a contemporary young Sri Lankan filmmaker
Mahboob
Mani Ratnam – Generally works in Tamil films but has worked in Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada industries. (
Kannathil Muthamittal ,
Guru ).
Mani Shankar – Director of Bollywood action thrillers (
16 December ,
Tango Charlie )
Manmohan Desai – (
Parvarish ,
Amar Akbar Anthony ).
Mira Nair – (
Monsoon Wedding ,
Salaam Bombay! ).
Morshedul Islam
Mostofa Sarwar Farooki
Mrinal Sen – Bengali film director, has won awards at major film festivals (Baishey Shravan , Bhuvan Shome ).
Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar – (
America! America!! ,
Amruthadhaare ).
Narayan Ghosh Mita
Nasir Hussain – (
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak )
Nischal Basnet – (
Loot ,
Loot 2 )
Partho Sen-Gupta – Avant-garde independent director (
Hava Aney Dey ).
Prakash Jha – Contemporary Hindi director (
Gangaajal ,
Apaharan ).
Prakash Mehra – (
Zanjeer ,
Hera Pheri ).
Prashanta Nanda – Oriya film director who won most of the National Awards for his contribution for
Oriya Film Industry .
Prashanta Nanda - recognized as the pioneer of realistict cinema at third generation in the Sri Lankan cinema.’
Puri Jagannadh
Puttanna Kanagal – (
Belli moda ).
Rajkumar Santoshi – (
Ghayal ,
Andaz Apna Apna ).
Rakesh Roshan – (
Karan Arjun ,
Krrish ).
Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra – Director and screenwriter (
Aks ,
Rang De Basanti ).
Ram Gopal Varma – (
Shiva ,
Rangeela ).
Ramesh Sippy – (
Sholay ,
Andaz )
Ritwik Ghatak – Bengali film director, (
Nagarik ,
Meghe Dhaka Tara ).
S. S. Rajamouli – Telugu film director, (
Baahubali: The Beginning ,
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion ,
RRR ).
S. Shankar – Tamil director and producer (
Gentleman ,
Indian ,
Mudhalvan ,
Anniyan ,
Sivaji: The Boss ,
Enthiran ,
I ,
2.0 )
Saawan Kumar
Sanjay Gupta – (
Zinda )
Sanjay Leela Bhansali – (
Devdas ,
Black )
Santosh Sivan – Award-winning cinematographer and director (
The Terrorist ,
Asoka ).
Satyajit Ray – Bengali film director, widely regarded as one of the greatest
auteurs of 20th century cinema (
Apu trilogy ).
Shekhar Kapur –
British India -born director and producer (
Elizabeth ,
Bandit Queen ).
Shyam Benegal – Important part of the New India Cinema movement (
Ankur ,
Bhumika ).
Sonali Gulati – contemporary independent filmmaker, activist, and feminist who has made award-winning documentary and experimental films.
Subhash Dutta
Sudhir Mishra – Contemporary director and screenwriter (
Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi ,
Chameli ).
Sukumar
S.V. Krishna Reddy
Tanvir Mokammel
Tareque Masud
Trivikram
Tulsi Ghimire – Nepali movie director (Known for
Kusume Rumal ,
Lahure ,
Darpan Chaya )
Upendra – (
A , Om ).
V. Shantaram – Hindi director and actor (
Do Aankhen Barah Haath ).
Vidhu Vinod Chopra – (
An Encounter with Faces ,
1942: A Love Story ).
Vijay Anand – Bollywood actor, director, and producer mainly during the 1960s and '70s. (Johnny Mera Naam , Jewel Thief )
Vikram Bhatt – (
Inteha ,
Deewane Huye Pagal ).
Yash Chopra – Veteran producer and director (
Waqt ,
Deewaar ).
Yograj Bhat – (
Mungaru Male ).
Zahir Raihan
Tulsi Ghimire – Nepali movie director (Known for
Kusume Rumal ,
Lahure ,
Darpan Chaya )
Actors
Actresses
South Asian influence on other film industries
Indonesian cinema
Last but not least is Indonesian cinema. In the beginning, Indonesian cinema grew after World War I, rooted in the Folk Theater Drama called Dardanela. Under Usmar Ismail, Indonesian cinema became the new entertainment from 1950 to 1980. Hundred of film stars were born, such as Citra Dewi (1960), and Tanty Yosepha (1970). Yenny Rachman and Christine Hakim (1980) and Dian Sastro (the late 1990s).
Teguh Karya was one of the leading Film directors in Indonesia after the era of Usmar Ismail. Now, with the popularity of television, the film is replaced with electronic cinema which is popular as sinetron. This industry has made the Indian-born producer, Raam Punjabi, a tycoon of sinetron in Indonesia.
See also
Further reading
Contemporary Asian Cinema , Anne Tereska Ciecko, editor. Berg, 2006.
ISBN
1-84520-237-6
References
^ Dickey, Sara; Dudrah, Rajinder Kumar (2012). South Asian Cinemas: Widening the Lens .
^
a
b Teo, Stephen (2013). The Asian Cinema Experience: Styles, Spaces, Theory .
^ Chaudhuri, Shohini (2005). Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia .
^ Writer, Guest (2022-08-19).
"Gliding Bollywood and Glittering Other South Asian Industries" . Asian Movie Pulse . Retrieved 2023-09-06 .
^
"South Indian cinema takes over Bollywood in box office revenues" . www.thenews.com.pk . Retrieved 2023-09-05 .
^ Shabbir, Buraq.
"A discussion on Pakistani cinema and its prospects" . www.thenews.com.pk . Retrieved 2023-09-05 .
^ Gooptu, Sharmistha.
"Revisiting Bengali films in the 100th year of Indian cinema" . The Times of India .
ISSN
0971-8257 . Retrieved 2023-09-05 .
^
"Satyajit Ray: A Master of World Cinema" . Hindustan Times . 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2023-09-05 .
^
"South Indian cinema takes over Bollywood in box office revenues" . www.thenews.com.pk . Retrieved 2023-09-06 .
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