The Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries (
Arabic: مجلس شورى ثوار بنغازي, Majlis Shura Thuwar Benghazi) was a military coalition in
Benghazi composed of Islamist and jihadist militias,[5] including
Ansar al-Sharia,
Libya Shield 1, and several other groups.[6]
History
The force was initially formed in June 2014, in response both to the anti-Islamist Operation Dignity being led by
Khalifa Haftar, and also the defeat of Islamist candidates in the
2014 Council of Deputies election. Afraid of being sidelined and defeated, several Islamist brigades united under a shared umbrella.[7] The consolidation and restructuring allowed the Islamist brigades to limit the success of Haftar's Operation Dignity, before allowing the Islamist groups to push back against the outnumbered forces allied to Haftar.[6]
On 14 July 2014, the council claimed it had taken over Barrack 319, which is one of the largest army barracks in eastern Libya. In late July, they took control of more than five other barracks in Benghazi, including the headquarters of the
Al-Saiqa Special Forces unit. On 31 July 2014, the council claimed to have had taken over Benghazi.[8] However it lost control of much of the city to the
Libyan National Army in the following months.[9]
Mohammed Salalbi, senior leader of
Libya Martyrs' Brigade, stated that the remaining SCBR fighters had retreated from Benghazi and arrived in Derna on 29 December 2017, after misleading the LNA to make their way out.[10] Merhi al-Houti of LNA meanwhile denied that they had retreated, claiming that the army had blocked the road to areas controlled by them and had liberated the entire region from the "terrorist groups". He added that clashes had ended.[11]
Members
As of August 2014, the council was composed of the following groups, among others:[6]
Formed in June 2016 to take control of Bengazi and protect the Shura Council from the
Libyan National Army, the Benghazi Defence Brigades (BDB) included various
Libya Dawn militias and was organized under the banner of
Saddiq Al-Ghariyani.[13][14] It pledged to support the
Government of National Accord (GNA).[14] The GNA members are ambivalent about the BDB with some calling for it to be demarcated as a "terrorist organization".[15] It certaining has links with the jihadist militias,[15] and is apparently opposed to the
Presidential Council of the GNA,[16] while at the same time working under
Mahdi Al-Barghathi, the Defence Minister of the GNA.[17]
Primarily the Benghazi Defence Brigades (BDB) were involved with the
defense of Benghazi against both
ISIS and the
Libyan National Army (LNA),[18][19] where they lost to the LNA.[20] They were also involved in the 2016 offensive against
ISIL's stronghold in
Sirte, and occupied
Ben Jawad and
Nufliya on behalf of the GNA, but they withdrew when the LNA advanced into those towns.[14][16] The BDB were apparently responsible for shooting down a French helicopter that the GNA said was violating Libyan sovereignty.[21][22] The French denied retaliating with airstrikes against the BDB.[23]
The BDB was headquartered at
Al Jufra Air Base, along with other GNA forces,[24] and were attacked there by the LNA in December 2016.[17]