Shiban (Sheiban) or Shayban (
Mongolian: Шибан, Shiban, also spelled Siban) was a prince of the early
Golden Horde. He was a grandson of
Genghis Khan, the fifth son of
Jochi and a younger brother of
Batu Khan who founded the Golden Horde. His descendants were the
Shaybanids who became important about two centuries later.
Because he had not reached his majority when his father died in 1227, he did not receive any lands at that time.
Abulghazi says that after this campaign,
Batu gave Shiban lands east of the
Ural Mountains on the lower parts of the
Syr Darya,
Chu River, and
Sary su Rivers as winter quarters and the lands of the
Ural River flowing off the east side of the Urals, as summer quarters. Shiban was also given 15,000 families as a gift from his brother
Orda Khan, as well as the four Uruks of the Kuchis, the
Naimans, the
Karluks, and the Buiruks, while he assigned him as a camping ground all the country lying between that of his brother Orda Ichin and his own.[1][citation needed] Thus Shiban's lands were somewhat between Batu's and Orda's and between the Ural mountains and the Caspian Sea.
Descendants
Although it is unknown how long he lived, his descendants continued to rule long after the breakup of the
Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). It is merely said that he left twelve sons, namely Bainal or Yasal, Behadur, Kadak, Balagha, Cherik or Jerik, Mergen or Surkhan, Kurtugha or
Kultuka, Ayachi or Abaji, Sailghan or Sasiltan, Beyanjar or Bayakachar,
Majar, and Kunchi or Kuwinji.[2][3] Shiban's descendants are known as the
Shaybanids; his male line continues down to the present time.[citation needed]
A number of Shiban's descendants ascended the throne of the
Golden Horde after the extinction of the line of
Batu in 1359, including the thrones of the Golden Horde's successor states, like the
Khanate of Sibir and the
Uzbek Khanate. Two sets of Shiban's descendants established themselves in Central Asia, founding the Khanates of
Transoxiana (later
Bukhara) and Khwarazm (later
Khiva).
The following is a simplified line of descent to these rulers; generations start with Shiban (as 0); "Grey Horde" (following information in Ötemiš-Ḥājjī) designates the Ulus of Shiban in Bashkiria, but both the designation and the succession are somewhat tentative.[5] For the sake of accuracy and consistency, the names, which are found in a bewildering and inconsistent number of variations, are given below in the Perso-Arabic orthography of the major genealogical sources, the Muʿizz al-ansāb and the Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah, in the standard scholarly transcription used in English-language scholarship (e.g., Bosworth 1996).
0 Shiban, 1st khan of the Grey Horde (d. 1248)
1 Bahadur, 2nd khan of the Grey Horde (d. c. 1280)
2 Jochi-Buqa, 3rd khan of the Grey Horde (d. c. 1310)
3 Bada-Qul, 4th khan of the Grey Horde
4 Ming-Timur, 5th khan of the Grey Horde
5 Pūlād (Khayr-Pūlād), 6th khan of the Grey Horde, later Golden Horde 1362-1365
Bosworth, C. E., The New Islamic Dynasties, New York, 1996.
Bregel, Y. (transl.), Firdaws al-Iqbāl: History of Khorezm by Shir Muhammad Mirab Munis and Muhammad Riza Mirab Agahi, Leiden, 1999.
Desmaisons, P. I. (transl.), Histoire des Mongols et des Tatares par Aboul-Ghâzi Béhâdour Khân, St Petersburg, 1871-1874.
Gaev, A. G., "Genealogija i hronologija Džučidov," Numizmatičeskij sbornik 3 (2002) 9-55.
Grousset, R. The Empire of the Steppes, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1970 (translated by Naomi Walford from the French edition published by Payot, 1970), pp. 478–490 et passim.
Howorth, H. H., History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century. Part II.1, II.2. London, 1880.
Judin, V. P., Utemiš-hadži, Čingiz-name, Alma-Ata, 1992.
Sabitov, Ž. M., Genealogija "Tore", Astana, 2008.
Sagdeeva, R. Z., Serebrjannye monety hanov Zolotoj Ordy, Moscow, 2005.
Tizengauzen, V. G. (trans.), Sbornik materialov, otnosjaščihsja k istorii Zolotoj Ordy. Izvlečenija iz arabskih sočinenii, republished as Istorija Kazahstana v arabskih istočnikah. 1. Almaty, 2005.
Tizengauzen, V. G. (trans.), Sbornik materialov otnosjaščihsja k istorii Zolotoj Ordy. Izvlečenija iz persidskih sočinenii, republished as Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah. 4. Almaty, 2006.
Vohidov, Š. H. (trans.), Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah. 3. Muʿizz al-ansāb. Almaty, 2006.