| Sedum lanceolatum | |
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Scientific classification
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Crassulaceae |
| Genus: | Sedum |
| Species: | S. lanceolatum
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| Binomial name | |
| Sedum lanceolatum | |
| Subspecies [2] | |
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| Synonyms [2] | |
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Sedum lanceolatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae known by the common names spearleaf stonecrop [3] and lanceleaf stonecrop.
It is native to western North America and occurs in western Canada and the United States. It is distributed from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico and as far east as South Dakota and Nebraska. It grows in exposed, rocky mountainous habitat at moderate and high elevations, up to 4,048 metres (13,281 ft) in the Rocky Mountains. [4] The plant persisted and evolved on sky islands and nunataks in these ranges during glaciation events during the Pleistocene epoch. [4]
This is a succulent plant forming basal rosettes of knobby or pointed leaves up to 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long. Smaller leaves occur farther up the stem and often fall away by the time the plant blooms. The stems are about 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tall. [5] The inflorescence is made up of one or more erect arrays of several flowers. The flowers have yellow petals [5] sometimes tinged with red, each lance-shaped petal just under a centimeter long. The stamens are tipped with yellow anthers. The plant reproduces sexually by its tiny, lightweight seeds, or vegetatively when sections of its stem break off and root. [4]
Ecology
Sedum lanceolatum is the host plant of the butterfly species Parnassius smintheus. The plant produces a deterrent cyanoglycoside, Sarmentosin, so that herbivores do not feed on it. This butterfly's larvae sequester sarmentosin from the plant for their own defense. However, it has been found that if the plant becomes physically damaged by mechanical means, the larvae feeding on it have reduced growth rates, possibly due to an induced defense by the plant itself. While damage by insects does not cause defense by S. lanceolatum, [6][ unreliable source?] damage from feeding by the larvae does induce defense by the plant. Consequently, the larvae often hurry to feed, then switch to another plant within the time window offering highest nutritional quality. Larvae will typically feed and leave a plant in less than half an hour. [7] From November to February, the leaves of their foodplant are fatally toxic to the larvae, but for the rest of the year, the larvae feed and develop normally. If the snow melts before March, the eggs hatch while the larval foodplant is still toxic, and the larvae perish. [8]
References
- ^ NatureServe (2024). "Sedum lanceolatum". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Sedum lanceolatum Torr". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sedum lanceolatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ a b c DeChaine, E. G. and A. P. Martin. (2005). Marked genetic divergence among sky island populations of Sedum lanceolatum (Crassulaceae) in the Rocky Mountains. American Journal of Botany 92:477-486.
- ^ a b Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 132. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
- ^ Doyle, Amanda. "The roles of temperature and host plant interactions in larval development and population ecology of Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, the Rocky Mountain Apollo butterfly" (PDF). University of Alberta. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ Roslin, Tomas; Syrjälä, Heidi; Roland, Jens; Harrison, Philip J.; Fownes, Sherri; Matter, Stephen F. (1 June 2008). "Caterpillars on the run – induced defences create spatial patterns in host plant damage". Ecography. 31 (3): 335–347. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05365.x.
- ^ Shepard, Jon; Guppy, Crispin (2011). Butterflies of British Columbia: Including Western Alberta, Southern Yukon, the Alaska Panhandle, Washington, Northern Oregon, Northern Idaho, and Northwestern Montana. UBC Press. ISBN 9780774844376. Retrieved 13 November 2017.