The Santa Lucía Formation is a
Maastrichtian to
Paleocene (
Danian ) geologic
formation in
Bolivia . Fossil
ornithopod tracks have been reported from the Cretaceous lower part of the formation.
[1] It is the
type formation of the
Tiupampan
South American land mammal age .
Description
Paleogeography of Northern South America 65 Ma, by Ron Blakey
The Santa Lucía Formation is a formation of the
Potosí Basin in Bolivia dated to the
Paleocene , 60 to 58.2 Ma.
[2] It overlies the Cretaceous
El Molino Formation and is overlain by the
Cayara Formation . The formation is laterally equivalent with the
Maíz Gordo Formation of northern
Argentina ,
[3] and time-equivalent with the
Salamanca Formation of Argentina, the
Maria Farinha Formation of the
Paraíba Basin in northern
Brazil and the
Guaduas Formation of the
Altiplano Cundiboyacense and
fossiliferous
Cerrejón Formation of the
Cesar-Ranchería Basin ,
Colombia .
The 381.35 metres (1,251.1 ft) thick formation consists of reddish sandy
shales ,
marls and
siltstones deposited in a
fluvial to
lacustrine
environment .
[4]
[5]
Paleontological significance
The oldest known "condylarth" fauna of the Tertiary of South America comes from basal Paleocene strata of the Santa Lucía Formation at Tiupampa. It includes five genera and seven species:
Molinodus suarez ,
Tiuclaenus minutus ,
T. cotasi ,
T. robustus ,
Pucanodus gagnieri ,
Andinodus boliviensis , and
Simoclaenus sylvaticus .
[6] Because of its unique fauna, the Santa Lucía Formation at Tiupampa has been chosen as the earliest
South American land mammal age giving rise to the
Tiupampan .
At the Parotani tracksite, poorly preserved
ichnofossils were found in the Maastrichtian part of the formation, left possibly by a
carnosaur .
[7]
Fossil content
The
fossiliferous formation has provided the following fossils:
Group
Fossils
Notes
Mammals
Alcidedorbignya inopinata ,
Allqokirus australis ,
Andinodelphys cochabambensis ,
Andinodus boliviensis ,
Incadelphys antiquus ,
Jaskhadelphys minutus ,
Khasia cordillerensis ,
Kollpania tiupampina ,
Mayulestes ferox ,
Mizquedelphys pilpinensis ,
Molinodus suarezi ,
Peradectes austrinum ,
Pucadelphys andinus ,
Pucanodus gagnieri ,
Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica ,
Simoclaenus sylvaticus ,
Szalinia gracilis ,
Tiulordia floresi ,
Tiuclaenus minutus ,
Cimolestes sp. ,
Didelphoidea indet. ,
Henricosborniidae or
Oldfieldthomasiidae ,
Proteutheria indet.
Reptiles & amphibians
Coniophis sp. ,
Cynodontosuchus cf. rothi ,
Estesiella boliviensis ,
Kataria anisodonta ,
Lapparentemys vilavilensis ,
Podocnemis ?brasiliensis ,
Roxochelys cf. vilavilensis ,
Zulmasuchus querejazus ,
Aniliidae ,
Boidae ,
?Madtsoiidae ,
Tropidophiidae ,
Gymnophiona ,
Carnosauria indet.,
Ornithopoda indet.
Fishes
Andinichthys bolivianensis ,
Dajetella sudamericana ,
Enchodus oliveirai ,
Gasteroclupea branisai ,
Hoffstetterichthys pucai ,
Incaichthys suarezi ,
Lepidosiren cf. paradoxa ,
Phareodusichthys tavernei ,
Eohiodon sp. ,
Hoplias sp. ,
Lepisosteus sp. ,
Miletes sp. ,
Percichthys sp. ,
Phareodus sp. ,
Rhineastes sp. ,
Rhodsia sp. ,
Ictaluridae indet.
See also
References
^ Weishampel, et al., 2004, pp.517-607
^ Sempere et al., 1997, p.709
^ Sempere et al., 1997, p.712
^ Jiménez, 2012, p.11
^ Renner & Velasco, 2000, p.25
^ De Muizon & Cifelli, 2000, p.47
^ Leonardi, 1994, p.40
^
a
b
c Gayet et al., 1991, p.403
^
a
b
c
Tiupampa 1 at
Fossilworks .org
^ Buffetaut & Marshall, 1991
^ Rage, 1991a, pp.499-501
^ Rage, 1991b, pp.503-508
^
Vila Vila at
Fossilworks .org
Bibliography
Buffetaut , É., and L.G. Marshall. 1991. A new crocodilian, Sebecus querejazus, nov. sp. (Mesosuchia, Sebecidae) from the Santa Lucía Formation (Early Paleocene) at Vila Vila, Southern Bolivia , 545–557. Revista Técnica de YPFB.
Gaffney, Eugene S.; Peter A. Meylan; Roger C. Wood; Elwyn Simons, and Diogenes De Almeida Campos. 2011.
Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the family Podocnemididae .
AMNH Bulletin 350. 1–237. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Gayet, Mireille; Larry G. Marshall, and Thierry Sempere. 1991.
The Mesozoic and Paleocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review . Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 393–433. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Jiménez, Grisel. 2012.
Estratigrafía, facies y ambientes evolutivos de depósito del Paleógeno Inferior: Formación Santa Lucía (Sinclinal de Miraflores - Sección Cayara, Potosí) , 1–23. .. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Leonardi, Giuseppe. 1994.
Annotated Atlas of South America Tetrapod Footprints (Devonian to Holocene) with an appendix on Mexico and Central America , 1–248. Ministerio de Minas e Energia - Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais, Geological Service of Brazil. Accessed 2019-03-25.
De Muizon, C., and R.L. Cifelli. 2000.
The "condylarths" (archaic Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia): implications on the origin of the South American ungulates , 47–150. 22; Accessed 2019-02-08.
Rage, J.C. 1991a.
Gymnophionan Amphibia from the early Paleocene (Santa Lucía Formation) of Tiupampa (Bolivia). The oldest known Gymnophiona . Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 499–501. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Rage, J.C. 1991b.
Squamate Reptiles from the early Paleocene of Tiupampa area (Santa Lucía Formation), Bolivia . Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 503–508. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Renner, Sven, and Carlos Velasco. 2000.
Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba . Boletín del Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería 34. 1–113. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Sempere, Thierry; R.F. Butler; D.R. Richards; L.G. Marshall; W. Sharp, and C.C. Swisher. 1997.
Stratigraphy and chronology of Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleogene strata in Bolivia and northwest Argentina .
GSA Bulletin 109. 709–727. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Weishampel, David B.; Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska. 1991. The Dinosauria , 1–861. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ages Defining formations and sites
Sources