Samuel Birch (3 November 1813 – 27 December 1885) was a British
Egyptologist and
antiquarian.
Biography
Birch was the son of a
rector at St Mary Woolnoth, London. He was educated at
Merchant Taylors' School.[1] From an early age, his manifest tendency to the study of out-of-the-way subjects well suited his later interest in archaeology. After brief employment in the Record Office, he obtained, in 1836, an appointment to the antiquities department of the
British Museum. The appointment was due to his knowledge of Chinese, which was unusual at that time. He soon broadened his research to
Egyptian. When the cumbrous department came to be divided, he was appointed to head the Egyptian and
Assyrian branch.[2]
In the latter language he had assistance, but for many years there was only one other person in the institution, in a different department, who knew anything of ancient Egyptian. The entire arrangement of the department devolved upon Birch. He found time nevertheless for Egyptological work of the highest value, including a
hieroglyphicalgrammar and
dictionary, translations of The
Book of the Dead and
papyrus Harris I, and numerous catalogues and guides.[2]
He further wrote what was long a standard history of
pottery, investigated the Cypriote syllabary, and proved by various publications that he had not lost his old interest in Chinese. Paradoxical in many of his views on things in general, he was sound and cautious as a
philologist; while learned and laborious, he possessed much of the instinctive divination of genius.[2]
^Minchin, J. G. C., Our public schools, their influence on English history; Charter house, Eton, Harrow, Merchant Taylors', Rugby, St. Paul's Westminster, Winchester (London, 1901), p. 195.