where for each element is the probability of being included in the sample and is the total number of elements in the sample and is the total number of elements in the population (before sampling commenced).
Sample design for managerial research
In business research, companies must often generate samples of customers, clients, employees, and so forth to gather their opinions. Sample design is also a critical component of marketing research and employee research for many organizations. During sample design, firms must answer questions such as:
What is the relevant population, sampling frame, and sampling unit?
What is the appropriate margin of error that should be achieved?
How should
sampling error and non-sampling error be assessed and balanced?
These issues require very careful consideration, and good commentaries are provided in several sources.[1][2]