Ronald Mathias Lockley (8 November 1903 – 12 April 2000) was a Welsh
ornithologist and
naturalist. He wrote over fifty books on natural history, including a study of
shearwaters, and the book The Private Life of the Rabbit, which was used in the development of his friend
Richard Adams's children's book Watership Down.
In 1927, with his first wife Doris Shellard, he took a 21-year lease of
Skokholm, a small island some 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) off the western tip of
Pembrokeshire, which was inhabited only by rabbits and
seabirds. Attempts to make a living from catching and selling rabbits and breeding
chinchilla rabbits were abandoned when he found he could make a better living writing articles and books.[3] He began to study
migratory birds from 1928, establishing the first British
bird observatory in 1933,[4] and carrying out extensive pioneering research on breeding
Manx shearwaters,
Atlantic puffins and
European storm-petrels.[5] He was encouraged to record the exact incubation and fledging period of the Manx shearwater by
Harry Witherby, the then editor of British Birds.[6]
He provided the initial
catalyst for the British Bird Observatory movement which, following the wartime interruption, reached its zenith in the fifties. He described his research in several books, including Dream Island (1930), Island Days (1934) and I Know an Island (1938). The work brought him to the notice of a wider circle of conservationists and naturalists, among them
Peter Scott and
Julian Huxley.[7] Lockley's notable scientific monograph Shearwaters is a result of a twelve years' study. He founded the Pembrokeshire Bird Protection Society which later became the
West Wales Field Society. He urged the broadening of the activities of the original Society and the extension of its area to include the whole of West Wales and it was at his insistence that the West Wales Field Society was incorporated as the
West Wales Naturalists' Trust.[8]
Lockley continued farming on the mainland when Skokholm was used by the military during the
Second World War. He played a key part in the preliminary survey of the natural history of
Skomer Island in 1946,[10] re-establishing Skokholm as a bird observatory and establishing the Council for the Promotion of Field Studies in
Dale Fort.[11] He played a role in setting up the
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park[12] in 1952, and in mapping out the
coastal footpath around the county.[13] Living at
Orielton, a large estate near
Pembroke, he undertook a four-year scientific study of
rabbit behaviour for the
British Nature Conservancy during the 1950s. As chairman of the West Wales Field Society, he also led an unsuccessful campaign against the building of a large
oil refinery at
Milford Haven.[7]
His belief that successive British governments were not sufficiently aware of the threat to the landscape from industrial development led to his decision to emigrate to
New Zealand in 1970, with his third wife. There he continued to write, mostly about islands and birds, but also novels, and to travel among the islands of
Polynesia and in the
Antarctic.[7]
Lockley was awarded an Honorary MSc by the
University of Wales in 1977, in recognition of his distinction as a naturalist.[14] In 1993 he was awarded the Union Medal of the
British Ornithologists' Union. He died in 2000, aged 96. His ashes were scattered from the boat Dale Princess, in the waters just off Skokholm Island in 2000.
In popular culture
Lockley's The Private Life of the Rabbit (1964) played a role in the plot development of his friend
Richard Adams's children's book Watership Down.[15] The New York Times obituary observed "It was a rigorously factual work with none of the anthropomorphic sentimentality that infused Watership with its charm, but it bristled with insights."[16] With Lockley's permission, Adams introduced him (alongside Sir
Peter Scott) as a character in his later novel The Plague Dogs (1977).