British architect
Richard Upjohn (22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British architect who emigrated to the United States and became most famous for his
Gothic Revival churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the
Italianate style. He was a founder and the first president of the
American Institute of Architects . His son,
Richard Michell Upjohn , (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.
[1]
[2]
Life and career
Richard Upjohn was born in
Shaftesbury ,
England , where he was apprenticed to a builder and cabinet-maker. He eventually became a master-mechanic. He and his family emigrated to the United States in 1829. They initially settled in
New Bedford, Massachusetts and then moved on to
Boston in 1833, where he worked in architectural design.
[2] He became a
naturalized
citizen of the United States in 1836.
[3] His first major project was for the entrances to the
Boston Common , the town's central park and his first church would be St. John's Episcopal Church in
Bangor, Maine . He had relocated to
New York City by 1839, where he worked on alterations to the famed
Trinity Church on
Wall Street in
Lower Manhattan . The alterations were later abandoned and he was commissioned to design a new church, completed in 1846, and still extant today. He published his extremely influential book, "Upjohn's rural architecture: Designs, working drawings and specifications for a wooden church, and other rural structures" , in 1852. The designs in this publication were widely used across the country by builders, with many examples remaining.
[1]
Upjohn, along with 13 other architects, co-founded the
American Institute of Architects on February 23, 1857. He served as president of that organization from 1857 to 1876, being succeeded by
Thomas Ustick Walter , fourth
Architect of the Capitol . He went on the design many buildings in a variety of styles. He died at his home in
Garrison, New York in 1878. Architectural drawings and papers by Upjohn and other family members are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of the
Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at
Columbia University , in
New York City , also by the
New York Public Library 's Humanities and Social Sciences Library, in the Manuscripts and Archives division, and by the
Library of Congress , Prints & Photographs Division on
Capitol Hill in
Washington, D.C.
[2]
He died on 16 August 1878 in
Putnam County, New York of
cerebral softening .
[4]
Projects
Some of Upjohn's notable projects include:
Churches
St. John's Episcopal Church in
Bangor, Maine , (1835–36, burned 1911)
Trinity Church in
New York City , (1839–46)
The Church of the Ascension in
New York City , (1840–41)
Christ Church in
Cobble Hill ,
Brooklyn, New York , (1841–42)
Bethesda Episcopal Church in
Saratoga Springs, New York , (1842)
St. Thomas Episcopal Church in
Newark, Delaware , (ca. 1843)
Grace Church in
Providence, Rhode Island , (1845; with
Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson )
Church of the Holy Cross in
Middletown, Rhode Island , (1845)
Christ Church in
Canaan, Connecticut , (1845–46)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church in
Brunswick, Maine , (1845)
First Parish Church in
Brunswick, Maine , (1845–46)
Church of the Pilgrims (now
Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Cathedral ) in
Brooklyn Heights ,
Brooklyn, New York , (1846)
St. Mary's Episcopal Church in
Burlington, New Jersey , (1846–54)
Christ Episcopal Church in
Raleigh, North Carolina , (1846–48)
St. Mary's Episcopal Church in
Portsmouth, Rhode Island , (1847)
St. Saviours Episcopal Church, in
Maspeth ,
Queens ,
New York (1847)
[5]
St. James Episcopal Church, in New London, Connecticut (1847)
Grace Church in
Newark, New Jersey , (1847–48)
Grace Episcopal Church in
Brooklyn, New York , (1847–49)
All Saints' Episcopal Church in
Briarcliff Manor, New York , (1848–54)
[6]
Calvary Episcopal Church in
Stonington, Connecticut , (consecrated 1849)
St. Thomas Episcopal Church in
Amenia Union, New York , (1849–51)
St. Paul's Cathedral in
Buffalo, New York , (1849–51)
Zion Episcopal Church in
Rome, New York , (1850–1851)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church in
Brookline, Massachusetts , (1850-52)
Church of St. John in the Wilderness in
Copake Falls, New York , (1852)
St. John Chrysostom Church in
Delafield, Wisconsin , (1851–56)
Madison Square Presbyterian Church in
New York City , (1854)
Christ Church (Episcopal) in
Binghamton, New York , (1853–1855)
Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church in
Baltimore, Maryland , (1854)
All Saints Episcopal Church in
Frederick, Maryland , (1855)
St. Mary's Episcopal Chapel in
Raleigh, North Carolina , (1855)
St. James Episcopal Church in
Muncy, Pennsylvania , (1856)
Christ Episcopal Church in
Marlboro, New York , (1858)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church in
San Antonio, Texas , (1858)
Trinity Chapel in
Far Rockaway ,
Queens, New York , (1858)
St. Peter's Episcopal Church in
Albany, New York , (1859)
Church of the Holy Comforter in
Poughkeepsie, New York , (1860)
Trinity Episcopal Church in
Woodbridge, New Jersey , (1860)
St. Philip's Church in the Highlands in
Garrison, New York , (1860–61)
St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in
Providence, Rhode Island , (1860–62)
Memorial Church of St. Luke The Beloved Physician in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , (1861)
Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church in
New Rochelle, New York , (1862)
St. John's Chapel at
Hobart College in
Geneva, New York , (1863)
All Saint's Memorial Church in
Navesink, New Jersey , (1863–64)
Immanuel Episcopal Church in
Bellows Falls, Vermont , (1863–67)
St. Peter's Episcopal Church in
Geneva, New York , (1868)
Church of the Covenant in
Boston, Massachusetts , (1865–1867)
[7]
St. Luke's Episcopal Church in
Scranton, Pennsylvania , (1867)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church in
Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania , (1867)
Christ Church Episcopal in
Fitchburg, Massachusetts , (1867)
[8]
St. Thomas Episcopal Church in
New York City , (1870, burned 1905)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church in
Selma, Alabama , (1871–75)
Cast-iron railing fence design in
Boston Common ,
Boston, Massachusetts
[9]
North Gate Screen (1860s) and the Pierrepont family tomb (c. 1860) in
Green-Wood Cemetery ,
Brooklyn, New York
[10]
St. Mark's Cathedral in
Salt Lake City, Utah , (1870)
Trinity Church in
Princeton, New Jersey , (1870)
Rye Presbyterian Church in
Rye, New York , (1870)
Grace Church/St. Agnes-by-the-Lake in
Algoma, Wisconsin , (1879, burned 1884, replica constructed 1891)
Trinity Episcopal Church in
Litchfield, Minnesota , (1871), attributed
Trinity Episcopal Church in
Iowa City, Iowa , (1871), attributed
Church of the Good Shepherd in
Blue Earth, Minnesota , (1871–72), attributed
Residences
William Rotch Jr. House in
New Bedford, Massachusetts , (1834)
Oaklands in
Gardiner, Maine (1835)
Kingscote in
Newport, Rhode Island , (1839)
Theodore Lyman House in Brookline, Massachusetts (1844–46)
[11]
Edward King House in
Newport, Rhode Island , (1845–47)
70–72 Mount Vernon Street in
Boston, Massachusetts , (1847–1848)
[12]
Lindenwald in
Kinderhook, New York , (1849)
James and Mary Forsyth House in
Kingston, New York , (1849–50)
W. W. Fairbanks House in
Taunton, Massachusetts (1852)
Charles H. Russell House, "Oaklawn," in
Newport, Rhode Island (1852–53)
[13]
The Grove in
Cold Spring, New York , (1852–53)
Rock Lawn in Garrison, New York (1852–53)
Woodlawn in Garrison, New York (1854)
Hamilton Hoppin House in
Middletown, Rhode Island (1856)
Henry E. Pierrepont House in
Brooklyn, New York (1856–57)
[11]
Kenworthy Hall in
Marion, Alabama , (1858–60)
Marshall Woods House in
Providence, Rhode Island (1860–61)
[14]
Civic Buildings
Gallery
References
Notes
^
a
b Doumato, Lamia. Richard Upjohn, Richard Michell Upjohn, and the Gothic Revival in America. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1984.
ISBN
0-89028-128-9
^
a
b
c Everard M., Upjohn (1939).
Richard Upjohn: Architect And Churchman . Universal Digital Library.
New York :
Columbia University Press – via
Internet Archive .
^ Murray, Christopher John (2004).
Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760-1850, Volume 2 . New York & London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p.
1175 .
ISBN
1-57958-422-5 .
^
"Richard Upjohn, Architect" (PDF) .
New York Times . 16 August 1878. Retrieved 2008-07-17 . Richard Upjohn, one of the oldest and most prominent church architects of this country, died on Friday, in the seventy-seventh year of his ago. ...
^ Anastasio, Joseph (2017-11-15).
"St. Saviours: The Historic Church that the NYC Government refused to save" . LTV Squad . Retrieved 2017-11-22 .
^
NRHP plaque:
File:AllSaintsPlaque.jpg
^ Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston , Third Edition, (
Guildford, Connecticut : Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.
^ Christ Church Parish Records
^ Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston , Third Edition, (
Guildford, Connecticut : Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.265.
^ Alexandra Kathryn Mosca, "Green-Wood Cemetery" . "Images of America" series, (Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2008), p.11
^
a
b Upjohn, Richard Upjohn , 139
^ Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut: GPP, 2008), p.27.
^
a
b Upjohn, Richard Upjohn , 202
^ Upjohn, Richard Upjohn , 204
^ Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston , Third Edition, (
Guildford, Connecticut : Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.41.
^ Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston , Third Edition, (
Guildford, Connecticut : Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.
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