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For the politician, see Dick Durbin.

Richard Durbin

FRS
Durbin in 2008
Born
Richard Michael Durbin

(1960-12-30) 30 December 1960 (age 63) [15]
NationalityBritish
Education Highgate School
Alma mater University of Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Known for
  • Biological Sequence Analysis [16]
Spouse
​
( m. 1996)​
[15]
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
Thesis Studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans (1987)
Doctoral advisor John G. White [3]
Doctoral students Ewan Birney [4]
Other notable students
Website www.gen.cam.ac.uk/directory/richard-durbin Edit this at Wikidata

Richard Michael Durbin FRS [17] (born 1960) [15] is a British computational biologist [18] [19] [2] and Al-Kindi Professor of Genetics at the University of Cambridge. [20] [21] [22] [23] He also serves as an associate faculty member at the Wellcome Sanger Institute where he was previously a senior group leader. [24] [25] [26] [27]

Education

Durbin was educated at The Hall School, Hampstead[ citation needed] and Highgate School in London. [15] After competing in the 1978/9 International Mathematical Olympiad, [28] he went on to study at the University of Cambridge graduating in 1982 [29] with a second class honours degree in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos. After graduating, he continued to study for a PhD [3] at St John's College, Cambridge [15] studying the development and organisation of the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans whilst working at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge, supervised by John Graham White. [3]

Career and research

Durbin's early work included developing the primary instrument software for one of the first X-ray crystallography area detectors [30] and the MRC Biorad confocal microscope, alongside contributions to neural modelling. [31] [32]

He then led the informatics for the Caenorhabditis elegans genome project, [33] and alongside Jean Thierry-Mieg developed the genome database AceDB, which evolved into the WormBase web resource. Following this he played an important role in data collection for and interpretation of the human genome sequence. [34]

He has developed numerous methods for computational sequence analysis. [35] [36] These include gene finding (e.g. GeneWise) with Ewan Birney [37] and Hidden Markov models for protein and nucleic acid alignment and matching (e.g. HMMER) with Sean Eddy and Graeme Mitchison. A standard textbook Biological Sequence analysis coauthored with Sean Eddy, Anders Krogh and Graeme Mitchison [16] describes some of this work. Using these methods Durbin worked with colleagues to build a series of important genomic data resources, including the protein family database Pfam, [38] the genome database Ensembl, [39] and the gene family database TreeFam. [9]

More recently Durbin has returned to sequencing and has developed low coverage approaches to population genome sequencing, applied first to yeast, [40] [41] and has been one of the leaders in the application of new sequencing technology to study human genome variation. [42] [43] Durbin currently co-leads the international 1000 Genomes Project to characterise variation down to 1% allele frequency as a foundation for human genetics.

Awards and honours

Durbin was a joint winner of the Mullard Award of the Royal Society in 1994 (for work on the confocal microscope), won the Lord Lloyd of Kilgerran Award of the Foundation for Science and Technology in 2004, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2004 [17] and a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2009. The Royal Society awarded its Gabor Medal to Durbin in 2017 for his contributions to computational biology. [44] In 2023 he received the International Prize for Biology for his work on the Biology of Genomes.

Durbin's certificate of election for the Royal Society reads:

Durbin is distinguished for his powerful contribution to computational biology. In particular, he played a leading role in establishing the new field of bioinformatics. This allows the handling of biological data on an unprecedented scale, enabling genomics to prosper. He led the analysis of the C. elegans genome, and with Thierry-Mieg developed the database software AceDB. In the international genome project he led the analysis of protein coding genes. He introduced key computational tools in software and data handling. His Pfam database allowed the identification of domains in new protein sequences; it used hidden Markov models to which approach generally he brought rigour and which led to covariance models for RNA sequence. [45]

Personal life

Durbin is the son of James Durbin and is married to Julie Ahringer, a scientist at the Gurdon Institute. They have two children. [15]

References

  1. ^ "EMBO welcomes 66 leading life scientists as members". biochemist.org.
  2. ^ a b Richard M. Durbin publications indexed by Google Scholar Edit this at Wikidata
  3. ^ a b c Durbin, Richard (1987). Studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans. cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC  499178924. EThOS  uk.bl.ethos.233920.
  4. ^ Birney, Ewan (2000). Sequence alignment in bioinformatics. cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC  894597337. EThOS  uk.bl.ethos.621653.
  5. ^ Eddy, S. R.; Mitchison, G; Durbin, R (1995). "Maximum discrimination hidden Markov models of sequence consensus". Journal of Computational Biology. 2 (1): 9–23. doi: 10.1089/cmb.1995.2.9. PMID  7497123.
  6. ^ Eddy, S. R.; Durbin, R (1994). "RNA sequence analysis using covariance models". Nucleic Acids Research. 22 (11): 2079–88. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.11.2079. PMC  308124. PMID  8029015.
  7. ^ Li, H.; Durbin, R. (2009). "Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform". Bioinformatics. 25 (14): 1754–1760. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324. PMC  2705234. PMID  19451168.
  8. ^ Li, H.; Ruan, J.; Durbin, R. (2008). "Mapping short DNA sequencing reads and calling variants using mapping quality scores". Genome Research. 18 (11): 1851–1858. doi: 10.1101/gr.078212.108. PMC  2577856. PMID  18714091.
  9. ^ a b Li, H.; Coghlan, A.; Ruan, J.; Coin, L. J.; Hériché, J. K.; Osmotherly, L.; Li, R.; Liu, T.; Zhang, Z.; Bolund, L.; Wong, G. K.; Zheng, W.; Dehal, P.; Wang, J.; Durbin, R. (2006). "TreeFam: A curated database of phylogenetic trees of animal gene families". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (90001): D572–D580. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkj118. PMC  1347480. PMID  16381935.
  10. ^ "Heng Li Credits Durbin Pedigree in Accepting Franklin Award". bio-itworld.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2013.
  11. ^ Bateman, A.; Coin, L.; Durbin, R.; Finn, R. D.; Hollich, V.; Griffiths-Jones, S.; Khanna, A.; Marshall, M.; Moxon, S.; Sonnhammer, E. L.; Studholme, D. J.; Yeats, C.; Eddy, S. R. (2004). "The Pfam protein families database". Nucleic Acids Research. 32 (Database issue): 138D–1141. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh121. ISSN  0305-1048. PMC  308855. PMID  14681378. Open access icon
  12. ^ Bateman, A.; Birney, E.; Cerruti, L.; Durbin, R.; Etwiller, L.; Eddy, S.; Griffiths-Jones, S.; Howe, K.; Marshall, M.; Sonnhammer, E. L. (2002). "The Pfam protein families database". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 (1): 276–280. doi: 10.1093/nar/30.1.276. PMC  99071. PMID  11752314.
  13. ^ Bateman, A; Birney, E; Durbin, R; Eddy, S. R.; Howe, K. L.; Sonnhammer, E. L. (2000). "The Pfam protein families database". Nucleic Acids Research. 28 (1): 263–6. doi: 10.1093/nar/28.1.263. PMC  102420. PMID  10592242.
  14. ^ Bateman, A.; Birney, E.; Durbin, R.; Eddy, S.; Finn, R.; Sonnhammer, E. (1999). "Pfam 3.1: 1313 multiple alignments and profile HMMs match the majority of proteins". Nucleic Acids Research. 27 (1): 260–262. doi: 10.1093/nar/27.1.260. PMC  148151. PMID  9847196.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Anon (2016). "Durbin, Richard Michael". Who's Who (online edition via Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. doi: 10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U45024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  16. ^ a b Durbin, Richard M.; Eddy, Sean R.; Krogh, Anders; Mitchison, Graeme (1998), Biological Sequence Analysis: Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids (1st ed.), Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN  0-521-62971-3, OCLC  593254083
  17. ^ a b "Professor Richard Durbin FRS Fellow". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015.
  18. ^ anon. "Durbin, Richard". sanger.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  19. ^ Richard Durbin on Twitter Edit this at Wikidata
  20. ^ Richard M. Durbin at DBLP Bibliography Server Edit this at Wikidata
  21. ^ "Honorary Professors". Cambridge University Reporter. CXLV (5). University of Cambridge. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015.
  22. ^ Anon. "Durbin Group — Department of Genetics". gen.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  23. ^ Anon (27 September 2017). "Professor Richard Durbin — Department of Genetics". gen.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  24. ^ "Dr Richard Durbin – Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute". Archived from the original on 28 February 2012.
  25. ^ Durbin, Richard M.'s publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  26. ^ Richard Durbin archive collection Richard Durbin entry in the Wellcome Library archive.
  27. ^ Richard M. Durbin publications from Europe PubMed Central
  28. ^ Richard M. Durbin's results at International Mathematical Olympiad
  29. ^ "The BioInformer nr. 1, 1997 – Interview with Dr. Richard Durbin". Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  30. ^ Durbin, R. M.; Burns, R.; Moulai, J.; Metcalf, P.; Freymann, D.; Blum, M.; Anderson, J. E.; Harrison, S. C.; Wiley, D. C. (1986). "Protein, DNA, and virus crystallography with a focused imaging proportional counter". Science. 232 (4754): 1127–1132. Bibcode: 1986Sci...232.1127D. doi: 10.1126/science.3704639. PMID  3704639.
  31. ^ Durbin, R.; Willshaw, D. (1987). "An analogue approach to the travelling salesman problem using an elastic net method". Nature. 326 (6114): 689–691. Bibcode: 1987Natur.326..689D. doi: 10.1038/326689a0. PMID  3561510. S2CID  4321691.
  32. ^ Durbin, R.; Mitchison, G. (1990). "A dimension reduction framework for understanding cortical maps". Nature. 343 (6259): 644–647. Bibcode: 1990Natur.343..644D. doi: 10.1038/343644a0. PMID  2304536. S2CID  4352870.
  33. ^ c. Elegans Sequencing, C. (1998). "Genome sequence of the nematode C. Elegans: A platform for investigating biology". Science. 282 (5396): 2012–2018. Bibcode: 1998Sci...282.2012.. doi: 10.1126/science.282.5396.2012. PMID  9851916.
  34. ^ Lander, E. S.; Linton, M.; Birren, B.; Nusbaum, C.; Zody, C.; Baldwin, J.; Devon, K.; Dewar, K.; Doyle, M.; Fitzhugh, W.; Funke, R.; Gage, D.; Harris, K.; Heaford, A.; Howland, J.; Kann, L.; Lehoczky, J.; Levine, R.; McEwan, P.; McKernan, K.; Meldrim, J.; Mesirov, J. P.; Miranda, C.; Morris, W.; Naylor, J.; Raymond, C.; Rosetti, M.; Santos, R.; Sheridan, A.; et al. (February 2001). "Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome" (PDF). Nature. 409 (6822): 860–921. Bibcode: 2001Natur.409..860L. doi: 10.1038/35057062. ISSN  0028-0836. PMID  11237011.
  35. ^ Simpson, J. T.; Durbin, R. (2011). "Efficient de novo assembly of large genomes using compressed data structures". Genome Research. 22 (3): 549–556. doi: 10.1101/gr.126953.111. PMC  3290790. PMID  22156294.
  36. ^ Eilbeck, K.; Lewis, S. E.; Mungall, C. J.; Yandell, M.; Stein, L.; Durbin, R.; Ashburner, M. (2005). "The Sequence Ontology: A tool for the unification of genome annotations". Genome Biology. 6 (5): R44. doi: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r44. PMC  1175956. PMID  15892872.
  37. ^ Birney, E.; Durbin, R. (2000). "Using GeneWise in the Drosophila annotation experiment". Genome Research. 10 (4): 547–548. doi: 10.1101/gr.10.4.547. PMC  310858. PMID  10779496.
  38. ^ Sonnhammer, E. L. L.; Eddy, S. R.; Durbin, R. (1997). "Pfam: A comprehensive database of protein domain families based on seed alignments". Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics. 28 (3): 405–420. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(199707)28:3<405::AID-PROT10>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID  9223186. S2CID  9569028.
  39. ^ Hubbard, T.; Barker, D.; Birney, E.; Cameron, G.; Chen, Y.; Clark, L.; Cox, T.; Cuff, J.; Curwen, V.; Down, T.; Durbin, R.; Eyras, E.; Gilbert, J.; Hammond, M.; Huminiecki, L.; Kasprzyk, A.; Lehvaslaiho, H.; Lijnzaad, P.; Melsopp, C.; Mongin, E.; Pettett, R.; Pocock, M.; Potter, S.; Rust, A.; Schmidt, E.; Searle, S.; Slater, G.; Smith, J.; Spooner, W.; Stabenau, A. (2002). "The Ensembl genome database project". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 (1): 38–41. doi: 10.1093/nar/30.1.38. PMC  99161. PMID  11752248.
  40. ^ Liti, G.; Carter, D. M.; Moses, A. M.; Warringer, J.; Parts, L.; James, S. A.; Davey, R. P.; Roberts, I. N.; Burt, A.; Koufopanou, V.; Tsai, I. J.; Bergman, C. M.; Bensasson, D.; O'Kelly, M. J. T.; Van Oudenaarden, A.; Barton, D. B. H.; Bailes, E.; Nguyen, A. N.; Jones, M.; Quail, M. A.; Goodhead, I.; Sims, S.; Smith, F.; Blomberg, A.; Durbin, R.; Louis, E. J. (2009). "Population genomics of domestic and wild yeasts". Nature. 458 (7236): 337–341. Bibcode: 2009Natur.458..337L. doi: 10.1038/nature07743. PMC  2659681. PMID  19212322.
  41. ^ Warringer, J.; Zörgö, E.; Cubillos, F. A.; Zia, A.; Gjuvsland, A.; Simpson, J. T.; Forsmark, A.; Durbin, R.; Omholt, S. W.; Louis, E. J.; Liti, G.; Moses, A.; Blomberg, A. (2011). Kruglyak, Leonid (ed.). "Trait variation in yeast is defined by population history". PLOS Genetics. 7 (6): e1002111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002111. PMC  3116910. PMID  21698134.
  42. ^ Bentley, D. R.; Balasubramanian, S.; Swerdlow, H. P.; Smith, G. P.; Milton, J.; Brown, C. G.; Hall, K. P.; Evers, D. J.; Barnes, C. L.; Bignell, H. R.; Boutell, J. M.; Bryant, J.; Carter, R. J.; Keira Cheetham, R.; Cox, A. J.; Ellis, D. J.; Flatbush, M. R.; Gormley, N. A.; Humphray, S. J.; Irving, L. J.; Karbelashvili, M. S.; Kirk, S. M.; Li, H.; Liu, X.; Maisinger, K. S.; Murray, L. J.; Obradovic, B.; Ost, T.; Parkinson, M. L.; et al. (2008). "Accurate whole human genome sequencing using reversible terminator chemistry". Nature. 456 (7218): 53–59. Bibcode: 2008Natur.456...53B. doi: 10.1038/nature07517. PMC  2581791. PMID  18987734.
  43. ^ Li, H.; Durbin, R. (2011). "Inference of human population history from individual whole-genome sequences". Nature. 475 (7357): 493–496. doi: 10.1038/nature10231. PMC  3154645. PMID  21753753.
  44. ^ "Gabor Medal - Gabor Medallist 2017". The Royal Society. 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  45. ^ "Library and Archive Catalogue". London: The Royal Society. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
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