Companies that
license technology from a public research institute or university
Companies that consider a university or
public sectoremployee to have been a founder
Companies that have been established directly by a public research institution
The two main research spin-off models in
Russia are those developed from the Institutes of the Academy of Science and Svetlana.[2]QinetiQ is an example of a research spin-off in the
United Kingdom.[3]
See also
Government spin-off, civilian goods which are the result of military or governmental research
NASA spin-off, a spin-off of technology that has been commercialized through NASA funding, research, licensing, facilities, or assistance
University spin-off, a company founded on the findings of a member or by members of a research group at a university