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Raymond Laurel Lindeman
BornJuly 24, 1915
Redwood County, Minnesota
DiedJune 29, 1942(1942-06-29) (aged 26)
New Haven, Connecticut
Nationality American
Alma mater University of Minnesota
Known forPioneering the concept of trophic dynamics in ecology
Scientific career
Fields Limnology, paleolimnology, trophic ecology
Institutions Yale University
Doctoral advisorSamuel Eddy

Raymond Laurel Lindeman (July 24, 1915 – June 29, 1942) [1] [2] was an ecologist whose graduate research is credited with being a seminal study in the field of ecosystem ecology, specifically on the topic of trophic dynamics.

Graduate research work

Lindeman completed his PhD at the University of Minnesota with his thesis work being concerned with the history and ecological dynamics of Cedar Bog Lake, [3] which is located in the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in central Minnesota.

While a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University with noted limnologist G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Lindeman submitted a chapter of his thesis for publication. His manuscript was initially rejected as being too generalized but was published after Hutchinson and others were able to convince the editor of the paper's merits. [4] The publication appeared in the journal Ecology and establishes the ten percent law whereby only 10% of the energy consumed at one trophic level is transferred to higher trophic levels. [5] Having suffered from chronic gastro-intestinal and liver inflammation, Lindeman died in 1942 at the age of 26, probably from hepatitis. [6]

Legacy

An annual award in Lindeman's honor is given by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography to the outstanding paper written that year by a young aquatic scientist. [7] Lindeman is also honored today with a lecture series in his name in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, as well as an informative plaque on the same university's Wall of Discovery.

Publications

  • Lindeman, RL (1939). Some affinities and varieties of the planktonic rotifer Brachnionus havanaensis Rouss. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 58: 210–221.
  • Lindeman, RL (1941). "The developmental history of Cedar Creek Bog, Minnesota". American Midland Naturalist. 25 (1): 101–112. [8]
  • Lindeman, RL (1941). "Seasonal food-cycle dynamics in a Senescent Lake". American Midland Naturalist. 26 (3): 636–673. [9]
  • Lindeman, RL (1942). "Experimental simulation of winter anaerobiosis in a senescent lake". Ecology. 23 (1): 1–13. [10]
  • Lindeman, RL (1942). "Seasonal distribution of midge larvae in a scenescent lake". American Midland Naturalist. 27 (2): 428–444. [11]
  • Lindeman, RL (1942). "The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology". Ecology. 23 (4): 399–418. [5]

Biographies

  • Reif, CB (1986). "Memories of Raymond Laurel Lindeman". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 67 (1): 20–25 [12]
  • Sobczak, WV (2005). "Lindeman's trophic dynamic aspect of ecology: "Will you still need me when I'm 64?". Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 14 (3): 53–57 [13]
  • Sterner RW (2012) Raymond Laurel Lindeman and the Trophic Dynamic Viewpoint. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 21(2):38-51. [6]

References

  1. ^ "Raymond Lindeman (1915-1942) | College of Biological Sciences". cbs.umn.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  2. ^ Reif, Charles B. (March 1986). Memories of Raymond Laurel Lindeman (1st ed.). Wiley. p. 20.
  3. ^ Lindeman, Raymond L. (1941). Ecological Dynamics in a Senescent Lake (Thesis).
  4. ^ Cook, Robert Edward (1977). "Raymond Lindeman and the Trophic-Dynamic Concept in Ecology". Science. 198 (4312): 22–26. Bibcode: 1977Sci...198...22C. doi: 10.1126/science.198.4312.22. ISSN  0036-8075. JSTOR  1744154. PMID  17741875. S2CID  30340899.
  5. ^ a b Lindeman, Raymond L. (1942). "The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology". Ecology. 23 (4): 399–417. doi: 10.2307/1930126. ISSN  1939-9170. JSTOR  1930126.
  6. ^ a b Sterner, Robert W. (2012). "Raymond Laurel Lindeman and the Trophic Dynamic Viewpoint". Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 21 (2): 38–51. doi: 10.1002/lob.201221237. ISSN  1539-6088.
  7. ^ "Raymond L. Lindeman Award". ASLO. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  8. ^ Lindeman, Raymond L. (1941). "The Developmental History of Cedar Creek Bog, Minnesota". The American Midland Naturalist. 25 (1): 101–112. doi: 10.2307/2420845. ISSN  0003-0031. JSTOR  2420845.
  9. ^ Lindeman, Raymond L. (November 1941). "Seasonal Food-Cycle Dynamics in a Senescent Lake". American Midland Naturalist. 26 (3): 636–673. doi: 10.2307/2420739. JSTOR  2420739.
  10. ^ Lindeman, Raymond L. (January 1942). "Experimental Simulation of Winter Anaerobiosis in a Senescent Lake". Ecology. 23 (1): 1–13. doi: 10.2307/1930867. JSTOR  1930867.
  11. ^ Lindeman, Raymond L. (March 1942). "Seasonal Distribution of Midge Larvae in a Senescent Lake". American Midland Naturalist. 27 (2): 428–444. doi: 10.2307/2421011. JSTOR  2421011.
  12. ^ Reif, Charles B. (1986). "Memories of Raymond Laurel Lindeman". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 67 (1): 20–25. doi: 10.2307/20166483. ISSN  0012-9623. JSTOR  20166483. S2CID  162431090.
  13. ^ Sobczak, William V. (2005). "Lindeman's Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology: "Will You Still Need Me When I'm 64?"". Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 14 (3): 53–57. doi: 10.1002/lob.200514353. ISSN  1539-6088.
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