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Raisin bread
Raisin bread with cinnamon sugar swirled in the dough
TypeSweet bread
Main ingredients Grain, Raisins, Yeast [1]

Raisin bread or fruit bread (also known as fruit toast or raisin toast in New Zealand and Australia) [2] is a type of bread made with raisins and flavored with cinnamon. It is "usually a white flour or egg dough bread". [3] Aside from white flour, raisin bread is also made with other flours, such as all-purpose flour, oat flour, or whole wheat flour. Some recipes include honey, brown sugar, eggs, or butter. [4] Variations of the recipe include the addition of walnuts, [5] hazelnuts, [6] pecans [7] or, for a dessert, rum or whisky. [8] [9]

Raisin bread is eaten in many different forms, including being served toasted for breakfast ("raisin toast") or made into sandwiches. [10] Some restaurants serve raisin bread with their cheeseboards. [11]

History

Its invention has been popularly incorrectly attributed to Henry David Thoreau [12] [13] [nb 1] in Concord, Massachusetts lore, as there have been published recipes for bread with raisins since 1671. [14] Since the 15th century, breads made with raisins were made in Europe. In Germany stollen was a Christmas bread. Kulich was an Easter bread made in Russia and panettone was made in Italy. [15] The earliest citation for "raisin bread" in the Oxford English Dictionary is dated to an 1845 article in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. [16] In England, raisin bread became a common element of high tea from the second half of the 19th century. [17] In the 1920s, raisin bread was advertised as "The Bread Of Iron", due to the high iron content of the raisins. [18] The bread became increasingly popular among English bakers in the 1960s. [19]

Varieties

A loaf of raisin challa

European versions of raisin bread include the Estonian "kringel" [20] and the Slovakian "vianočka" [21] and "stafidopsomo" in Greece. A similar food is raisin challah, a traditional Jewish food for Shabbat and holidays. [22] It has been suggested that Garibaldi biscuits were based on a raisin bread that was eaten by the troops of Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi. [23]

In Australia and New Zealand, buttered raisin toast is common for breakfast. [2]

Production

The United States Code of Federal Regulations specifies standards that raisin bread produced in the country must meet. This includes a requirement for the weight of the raisins to be equal to 50% of the weight of flour used. [24] Raisin bread is one of five types of bread for which federal standards have been outlined. [25]

In cosmology

The ways in which individual raisins move during rising and baking of the bread is often used as an analogy to explain the expansion of the universe. [26] [27]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Walter Harding wrote in his biography of Henry Thoreau that the man had created raisin bread. Author Ken Jennings writes: "It seems the eminent Professor Harding was taken in by, of all things, a story in a 1943 Ladies' Home Journal article, which got its delicious, raisiny facts from a longstanding legend in Thoreau's hometown of Concord, Massachusetts... Ultimately Harding recanted his claims in a 1990 Thoreau Society Bulletin titled 'Thoreau and Raisin Bread.'" [14]

References

  1. ^ Charel Scheele (October 12, 2011). Old World Breads and the History of a Flemish Baker. iUniverse. p. 86. ISBN  978-1-4620-5472-5.
  2. ^ a b "Fruit bread – Eat Well Recipe". NZ Herald. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  3. ^ Mark Bricklin, ed. (1994). Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet. Rodale. p. 80. ISBN  978-0-87596-225-2.
  4. ^ Mark Bricklin (August 15, 1994). Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet. Rodale. p. 80. ISBN  978-0-87596-225-2.
  5. ^ "Delia skims the goalpost". The Independent on Sunday. June 25, 2000.
  6. ^ Miers, Thomasina (December 15, 2007). "Party season's big dippers". The Times.
  7. ^ Richardson, Belinda (June 25, 2005). "'We could be in the lounge bar of an ocean-going liner'". The Daily Telegraph.
  8. ^ "10 top spots near the shops". The Times. December 15, 2007.
  9. ^ Ferrier, Clare (September 13, 2008). "The Royal Oak, Brookland". The Daily Telegraph.
  10. ^ Hensperger, Beth (2000). The Bread Lover's Bread Machine Cookbook. Harvard Common Press. p. 449. ISBN  978-1-55832-156-4.
  11. ^ Mclean, Neil (June 27, 2004). "If this is a diet, count me in". The Sunday Times.
  12. ^ Fain, Jean (July 11, 2017). "What Did Thoreau Really Eat? You Might Be Surprised". NPR. National Public Radio. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  13. ^ Dolis, J. (2005) Tracking Thoreau: double-crossing nature and technology p.32. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press ISBN  0-8386-4045-1 Retrieved January 2012
  14. ^ a b Ken Jennings (September 12, 2006). Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs. Random House Publishing Group. p. 168. ISBN  978-1-58836-552-1.
  15. ^ "History of Raisins and Dried Fruit". Sun Maid. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  16. ^ "raisin, n." Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  17. ^ Wilson, Bee (March 9, 2002). "There's nothing 'high' about high tea". The Times.
  18. ^ "The Bread of Iron (advertisement)" (PDF). The Sunday Oregonian. Portland, Oregon. September 18, 1921. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  19. ^ Woodland, John (October 20, 1967). "Price blow to raisin traders in UK". The Times.
  20. ^ Brûlé, Tyler (December 27, 2008). "Things to do, places to go". The Financial Times.
  21. ^ Gill, Jaime (November 22, 2008). "A winter affair". The Guardian.
  22. ^ Phyllis Glazer; Miriyam Glazer (March 29, 2011). The Essential Book of Jewish Festival Cooking. HarperCollins. p. 127. ISBN  978-0-06-204121-0.
  23. ^ Vallely, Paul (June 30, 2007). "Garibaldi: The First Global Action Hero". The Independent.
  24. ^ "Section 136.160 – Raisin bread, rolls, and buns". Code of Federal Regulations. April 1, 2005. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  25. ^ "Taking the wraps off bread". Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine. Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc. May 1982. p. 40. ISSN  1528-9729.
  26. ^ "What does it mean when they say the universe is expanding?". Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress. August 23, 2010. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  27. ^ NASA/WMAP Science Team (March 25, 2013). "Tests of Big Bang: Expansion". WMAP's Universe. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved November 26, 2013.

Further reading

External links

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