An RG color model is a dichromatic color model represented by red and green primary colors. These can only reproduce a fraction of the colors possible with a trichromatic color space, such as for human color vision.

The name of the model comes from the initials of the two primary colors: red and green. The model may be either additive or subtractive. Despite its shortcomings in color reproduction, these models were used in early color processes for films. ^{[1] [2]}

Additive RG

The additive RG color model uses red and green primaries. It was used in several processes during the early innovations of color photography, including Kinemacolor, ^[3] Prizma, Technicolor I, ^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} and Raycol. ^[8]

The primaries are added together in varying proportions to reproduce a linear gamut of colors, which can reproduce only a fraction of the colors possible with a trichromatic color space.

The appearance of the color gamut changes depending on the primary colors chosen. When the primaries are complementary colors (e.g. red and cyan), then an equal mixture of the primaries will yield a neutral color (gray or white). However, since red and green are not complementary colors, an equal mixture of these primaries will yield yellow, and a neutral color cannot be reproduced by the color space.

Until recently, its primary use was in low-cost LED displays in which red and green LEDs were more common and cheaper than the still nascent blue LED technology. However, this preference no longer applies to modern devices.^{[ citation needed]} In modern applications, the red and green primaries are equal to the primaries used in typical RGB color spaces. In this case, the RG color model can be achieved by disabling the blue light source.

The additive RG color model showing the primary colors. Overlap area is an equal mixture thereof (yellow), not white.

Additive RG (modern example image).

Additive RG Kinemacolor frame from Two Clowns (c.1907).

Red and green LED traffic sign.

Subtractive RG

The subtractive RG color model uses red and green filters for film exposure, but complementary cyan-green (for red) and orange-red (for green) for the developed prints. This allows the generation of white, although the color model cannot achieve black, regardless of the primaries chosen. It was used in several processes during the early innovations of color photography, including on Brewster Color I, ^{[9] [10] [11] [12]} Kodachrome I, ^{[13] [14] [15]} Prizma II, ^[16] and Technicolor II. ^{[17] [18] [19]}

The subtractive RG color model showing the primary colors. Overlap area is dark brown, not true black.

Subtractive RG (modern example image).

Subtractive RG Technicolor II frame from The Toll of the Sea (1922)

Subtractive RGK

A similar color model, called RGK adds a black channel, which allows for the reproduction of black and other dark shades. ^[20] However, it does not allow the reproduction of neutral colors (gray/white) because the primaries are not complementary.

Outside of a few low-cost high-volume applications, such as packaging and labelling, RG and RGK are no longer in use because devices providing larger gamuts such as CMYK are in widespread use.

Anaglyph 3D

In 1858, in France, Joseph D'Almeida ^{[ fr]} delivered a report to l'Académie des sciences describing how to project three-dimensional magic lantern slide shows using red and green filters to an audience wearing red and green goggles. ^[21] Subsequently he was chronicled as being responsible for the first realisation of 3D images using anaglyphs. ^[22]

Red-green anaglyph glasses

Red/Green anaglyph picture

Constellation of Scorpius in 3D anaglyph for red-green glasses. The perception of depth depends on how the image is scaled.

3D image taken by ESA's Mars Express orbiter. The location is on the Martian equator north of Valles Marineris between 1° South to 2.5° North and 323° East. The area is 50 km across and shows mesas and cliffs as well as flow features indicating erosion by the action of flowing water. In this landscape view North is on the right. The 3D effect is only seen with the use of red/green 3D glasses.

See also

References

External links

• Even Proportional Color Triangle
• Cinematographic Multiplex Projection, &c. U.S. Patent No. 1,391,029, filed Feb. 20, 1917.
• "Moving Pictures in Color", The New York Times, February 22, 1917, p. 9.
• The First Successful Color Movie", Popular Science, Feb. 1923, p. 59.
• filmmakeriq.com, The History and Science of Color Film: From Isaac Newton to the Coen Brothers