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In 2017, the
Rma script, invented by Wei Jiuqiao (魏久乔), was officially finalized and has been accepted by many Qiang people as the first ever official writing system for their language.[2] There is no published information as to whether the script is compatible with both the
Northern Qiang language and the
Southern Qiang language or if it is only compatible with one of the languages. The writing system has also been given a preliminary proposal to encode it to the Universal Character Set of Unicode.[3]
Consonants
b /p/
p /pʰ/
bb /b/
m /m/
f /f/
w /w/
wf /v/
d /t/
t /tʰ/
dd /d/
n /n/
lh /ɬ/
l /l/
lr /lʴ/
g /k/
k /kʰ/
gg /ɡ/
ng /ŋ/
h /h/
hh /ɣ/
—
j /tɕ/
q /tɕʰ/
jj /dʑ/
x /ɕ/
xx /ʑ/
y /j/
—
gv /q/
kv /qʰ/
v /χ/
vh /ɦ/
vv /ʁ/
—
—
z /ts/
c /tsʰ/
zz /dz/
s /s/
ss /z/
—
—
zh /tʂ/
ch /tʂʰ/
dh /dʐ/
sh /ʂ/
rr /ʐ/
—
—
Vowels
a /a/
ae /æ/
ea /e/
u /u/
e /ə/
nn /◌̃/
i /i/
ü /y/
o /o/
/ʔ/
r /ʴ/
—
Classification
Sims (2016)[4] gives the following classification for the "Qiangish" (or "Rma") languages, which include
Northern Qiang and
Southern Qiang. Individual dialects are highlighted in italics.
Sims (2017)[5] reconstructs tones for Proto-Rma (alternatively called Proto-Qiangish), proposing that the lack of tones in
Northern Qiang is due to Tibetan influence. High tones and low tones are reconstructed for Proto-Rma, as well as for Proto-
Prinmi.
References
^Wen, Maotao (2014). The Creation of the Qiang Ethnicity, its Relation to the Rme People and the Preservation of Rme Language (Master's thesis). Duke University.
^Sims, Nathaniel (2017). The Suprasegmental Phonology of Proto-Rma (Qiang) in Comparative Perspective. Presented at the 50th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Beijing, November 26, 2017.