Pueblo Revival architecture imitates the appearance of traditional
adobePueblo architecture, though other materials such as brick or concrete are often substituted. If adobe is not used, rounded corners, irregular
parapets, and thick,
battered walls are used to simulate it. Walls are usually
stuccoed and painted in earth tones. Multistory buildings usually employ stepped massing similar to that seen at
Taos Pueblo. Roofs are always flat. Common features of the Pueblo Revival style include projecting wooden roof
beams or vigas, which sometimes serve no structural purpose[1], "corbels", curved—often stylized—beam supports and latillas, which are peeled branches or strips of wood laid across the tops of vigas to create a foundation (usually supporting dirt or clay) for a roof.[1][2]
History
The regional architecture from which the Pueblo style draws its inspiration is primarily found in New Mexico and
Arizona, but also
Colorado. Although the revival movement is most closely associated with the state of New Mexico, many early examples were built in other
western states. In the 1890s, architect
A. C. Schweinfurth incorporated Pueblo features into a number of his buildings in California.[2][3] Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter's
Hopi House (1904) in
Grand Canyon National Park drew heavily on the Pueblo style. In 1908, architect
Isaac Rapp used the
San Estevan Del Rey Mission Church as a template for his Colorado Supply Company warehouse in
Morley, Colorado.[4]
The Pueblo Revival style made its first appearance in New Mexico at the
University of New Mexico in
Albuquerque, where UNM president
William G. Tight adopted the style for a number of building projects during his tenure. The best known of these was the 1908 remodeling of
Hodgin Hall, which survives as well as the slightly earlier
Estufa, both designed by architect Edward Buxton Cristy under Tight's supervision. Other pioneering buildings that no longer exist were a heating plant and two of the university's dormitories, Hokona Hall and Kwataka Hall, also designed by Cristy and built in 1906.[5] Nearly all subsequent university buildings have also employed the Pueblo style, albeit in increasingly loose interpretations.[3]
The other stronghold of Pueblo-style architecture is
Santa Fe, where it was popularized in the 1920s and 1930s by a group of artists and architects seeking to establish a unique regional identity. In 1957, a committee led by
John Gaw Meem drafted Santa Fe "H" Historical District Regulations Ordinance No. 1957-18,[6] commonly known as the Historical Zoning Ordinance. This ordinance mandated the use of the "Old Santa Fe Style," which encompassed "so-called Pueblo, Pueblo-Spanish or Spanish-Indian and
Territorial styles," on all new buildings in central Santa Fe.[7] This ordinance remains in effect, meaning the Pueblo style continues to predominate.[4]
Pueblo-style houses are still frequently constructed in Albuquerque, Santa Fe, and elsewhere. Updated versions of the style have also been used for newer commercial and public buildings such as the
Albuquerque International Sunport terminal (1966) and the newer UNM buildings.
^Santa Fe (N.M.). City Planning Department (January 1, 1957). "H" historical district regulations: ordinance no. 1957-18. Santa Fe, N.M.: The Dept.
OCLC63271542.
Harris, Richard (1997). "National Trust Guide: Santa Fe. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN0-471-17443-2
Hooker, Van Dorn (2000). "Only in New Mexico: An Architectural History of the University of New Mexico, the First Century 1889–1989. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
ISBN0-8263-2135-6