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Prussian S 3 DRG Class 13.0
Prussian S3 photographed in 1895 at Berlin-Charlottenburg
Type and origin Builder Hanomag (213) Berliner Maschinenbau (185) Borsig (84) Grafenstaden (75) Henschel & Sohn (94) Schichau-Werke (132) Union Gießerei (93) AG Vulcan Stettin (153) Build date 1893–1904 Total produced 1027
Specifications Configuration: ​  •  Whyte 4-4-0  •  German S 24.16 Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Leading dia. 1,000 mm (39+3⁄8 in) Driver dia. 1,980 mm (78 in) Length: ​  • Over beams 17,561 mm (57 ft 7+1⁄2 in) Axle load 15.6 t (15.4 long tons; 17.2 short tons) Adhesive weight 30.9 t (30.4 long tons; 34.1 short tons) Service weight 50.5 t (49.7 long tons; 55.7 short tons) Water cap. 15.0 m3 (530 cu ft) 16.0 m3 (570 cu ft) 20.0 m3 (710 cu ft) 21.5 m3 (760 cu ft) Boiler pressure 12 kgf/cm2 (1,180 kPa; 171 psi) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 2.32 m2 (25.0 sq ft)  • Evaporative 117.70 m2 (1,266.9 sq ft) Cylinders Two, outside High-pressure cylinder 460 mm (18+1⁄8 in) Low-pressure cylinder 680 mm (26+3⁄4 in) Piston stroke 600 mm (23+5⁄8 in)
Performance figures Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph)
Career Numbers DRG 13 002–028 Retired 1927

The Prussian Class S 3s were saturated steam locomotives developed by Hanomag for the Prussian state railways and were built from 1893.

Design

They were a further development of the S 2 and used the same boiler. The "S" stood for Schnellzuglokomotive, or express locomotive, of which the S 3 was a large and powerful type. Because larger turntables with a 16-metre diameter were then being built, the wheelbase could be longer, which gave it better riding qualities. The locomotive had one high-pressure and one low-pressure cylinder, coupled to four driving wheels in a 4-4-0 configuration.

They were the first class of locomotives to use superheating, a process in which the steam leaving the boiler is re-heated, resulting in better efficiency.

Procurement

The railway procured a total of 1,027 locomotives of this class up to 1904, and they were stabled at almost all locomotive depots ( Betriebswerk or Bw), making them the most numerous German express train locomotives. In addition, several hundred units were manufactured with smaller driving wheels - dubbed the P4 class.

Another 40 examples went to the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine (see Alsace-Lorraine S 3) and six units, with a modified axle base, to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg State Railways (see Oldenburg S 3).

Reichsbahn Era

Whilst the Deutsche Reichsbahn still listed 451 Prussian S 3 engines in its 1923 renumbering plan (as 13 008 - 458), only 27 of them were left in 1925. They were grouped as DRG Class 13.0 with operating numbers 13 002–028. Locomotive 13 001 was not an S 3, but a Prussian S 2 converted into an Erfurt-type compound locomotive. The machines were retired by 1927.

The Oldenburg State Railway locomotives were allocated numbers 13 1801–1806 in 1925, but were retired only a year later.

After the First World War over 100 engines were left with the Polish ( PKP) and Lithuanian Railways where some were still in service in the 1940s. Some were incorporated into the Reichsbahn fleet during the Second World War as 13 010, 301, 302, 305 - 337, 339 and 340. Several of these locomotives were in the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn until 1955 and were then returned to Poland.

The locomotives were equipped with Prussian 3 T 15, 2'2' T 16, 2'2' T 20 and 2'2' T 21.5 tenders.

See also

• List of DRG locomotives and railbuses
• List of preserved steam locomotives in Germany
• List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses
• Prussian state railways

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prussian S 3.