| Prunus simonii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Simon plum fruit and leaves | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Prunus |
| Subgenus: | Prunus subg. Prunus |
| Section: | Prunus sect. Prunus |
| Species: | P. simonii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Prunus simonii | |
Prunus simonii, called apricot plum and Simon plum, is a tree in the genus Prunus. It was first described by Elie-Abel Carrière in 1872 and is native to Hebei province, China. [1] The species is not known in a truly wild state. [2] It has been important for breeding commercial plum cultivars from crosses with other species of the genus Prunus. [3] [4] The species is named for Gabriel Eugène Simon (1829–1896), a French botanist and diplomat who sent pits to the Paris Museum in the early 1860s while he was representing the French government in China. [5] [6] [7] [8] Beginning about 1881, the species became commonly known in the United States; having been introduced there from France. [5]
Description
Prunus simonii is a small deciduous tree growing to about 6 meters (20 ft) in height. [2] The flowers produce almost no pollen; the fruit varies in quality, can be bitter or pleasant to eat, and is flat in shape. [2] [9] Just like an apricot, the fruit flesh clings tightly to the pit. The taste is often bitter. Fruit production is not particularly bountiful. The fruit is dark red [5] or "brick red". [10] The branches are slender and the leaves oblong. [11] In appearance, the fruit is flatter than most plums, looking "tomato-like". [3] The fruit is particularly aromatic, much more so than Prunus salicina, with a comparatively high level of hexyl acetate, which gives apples their aroma. [12] [13]
Uses
Plant breeder Luther Burbank devoted a lot of work to hybridizing this species with the Japanese plum ( Prunus salicina) and developed a number of cultivars from the hybrid. [14] Of these, the cultivar ' Climax' was particularly notable for its importance to the fruit shipping industry of California. [9] Other influential plum cultivars that Burbank developed with P. simonii ancestry include 'Maynard', 'Chalco', 'Santa Rosa', and 'Formosa'. [15] Those two species and the European species Prunus cerasifera have contributed the majority of the genetic constitution of modern Japanese-type plum cultivars, with lesser contributions from three native American species P. americana, P. angustifolia, and P. munsoniana. [16]
References
- ^ "Prunus simonii". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
- ^ a b c "Plants for a Future". Retrieved February 1, 2014.
- ^ a b Burbank, Luther (2004) [First published 1914]. New Plums and Prunes in the Process of Making. Barcelona: Athena University Press. p. 27.
- ^ Frecon, Jerome L.; Ward, Daniel L. (2012). "Fruit Notes". Fruit Notes. 77: 12–19.
- ^ a b c Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1893). Four Types of New Fruits. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. pp. 34–37.
- ^ Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press, p. 353.
- ^ Bretschneider, E. (1898). History of European Botanical Discoveries in China. London: Sampson Low, vol. 2, pp. 827-833.
- ^ Baltet, Charles (1895). L'horticulture dans les cinq parties du monde. Paris: Société nationale d'horticulture, p. 406.
- ^ a b Jordan, David Starr (1905). "Some Experiments of Luther Burbank". The Popular Science Monthly. Vol. 66. pp. 201–225.
- ^ Hedrick, U.P.; et al. (1910). The Plums of New York. p. 55 – via BHL.
- ^ Waugh, Frank (2009) [First published 1903]. Systematic Pomology. Bedford, MA: Applewood Books. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-4-290-1350-5.
- ^ Gomez, Encarna; Ledbetter, Craig (1994). "Comparative Study of the Aromatic Profiles of Two Different Plum Species: Prunus salicina lindl and Prunus simonii L". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 65 (1): 111–115. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740650116.
- ^ "Prunus simonii | apricot plum /RHS Gardening".
- ^ Jones, D. F. (1928). "Burbank's Results with Plums". Journal of Heredity. 19 (8): 359–372. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103021.
- ^ Burbank, Luther (1921). How Plants Are Trained to Work for Man. Vol. V. New York: P. F. Collier and Son Co. p. 223 – via BHL.
- ^ Boonprakob, Unaroj; Byrne, David H.; Graham, Charles J.; Okie, W.R.; Beckman, Thomas; Smith, Brian R. (2001). "Genetic Relationships among Cultivated Diploid Plums and Their Progenitors as Determined by RAPD Markers" (PDF). Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 126 (4): 451–461. doi: 10.21273/JASHS.126.4.451.
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