Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish
hoaxes and
disinformation for purposes other than
news satire . Some of these sites use
homograph spoofing attacks ,
typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in
phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Definition
Fake news sites deliberately publish
hoaxes and
disinformation to drive
web traffic inflamed by
social media .
[4]
[5]
[6] These sites are distinguished from
news satire (which is usually intended to be humorous) as they mislead and sometimes profit from readers'
gullibility .
[5] While most fake news sites are portrayed to be spinoffs of other news sites, some of these websites are examples of
website spoofing , structured to make visitors believe they are visiting major news outlets like
ABC News or
MSNBC .
[7]
The New York Times pointed out that within a strict definition, "fake news" on the Internet referred to a fictitious article which was fabricated with the deliberate motivation to
defraud readers, generally with the goal of profiting through
clickbait .
[8]
PolitiFact described fake news as fabricated content designed to fool readers and subsequently made viral through the Internet to crowds that increase its dissemination.
[9]
The New York Times noted in a December 2016 article that fake news had previously maintained a presence on the Internet and within
tabloid journalism in the years prior to the
2016 U.S. election .
[8] Except for the
2016 Philippine elections ,
[10] prior to the election between
Hillary Clinton and
Donald Trump , fake news had not impacted the election process and subsequent events to such a high degree.
[8] Subsequent to the 2016 election, the issue of fake news turned into a political weapon, with supporters of
left-wing politics saying those on the opposite side of the spectrum spread falsehoods, and supporters of
right-wing politics arguing such accusations were merely a way to censor
conservative views .
[8] Due to these back-and-forth complaints, the definition of fake news as used for such polemics became more vague.
[8]
Lists
Campaigns by individuals
American News LLC
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
American News
americannews.com
Published a false story claiming actor
Denzel Washington endorsed Donald Trump for president. The fictional headline led to thousands of people sharing it on Facebook, a prominent example of fake news spreading on the social network prior to the 2016 presidential election.
[11]
[12]
[13]
Conservative 101
conservative101.com
Falsely claimed that the White House fired
Kellyanne Conway .
[11]
[12]
Democratic Review
DemocraticReview.com
Owned by American Review LLC of Miami, the same company that owns American News (americannews.com), Conservative 101 and Liberal Society.
[12]
Liberal Society
LiberalSociety.com
Published a fake direct quote attributed to Obama, Falsely claimed that the White House fired
Kellyanne Conway .
[11]
[12]
Jestin Coler
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
Conservative Frontline
conservativefrontline.com
[14]
Denver Guardian
denverguardian.com
[14]
DrudgeReport.com.co
DrudgeReport.com.co
Mimics the name of the
Drudge Report .
[14]
United Media Publishing
unitedmediapublishing.com
[14]
usatoday.com.co
usatoday.com.co
Defunct
Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns
[14]
washingtonpost.com.co
washingtonpost.com.co
Originally registered by Jestin Coler. The Washington Post submitted a complaint against Coler's registration of the site with
GoDaddy under the
UDRP , and in 2015, an
arbitral panel ruled that Coler's registration of the
domain name was a form of bad-faith
cybersquatting (specifically,
typosquatting ), "through a website that competes with Complainant through the use of fake news. ... The fake news content misleads readers and serves as 'click bait' to drive readers to other sites, or to share the fake news content with others on social networking websites, to generate advertising revenue."
[15]
[14]
Paul Horner
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
ABCnews.com.co
ABCnews.com.co
Defunct
Owned by
Paul Horner . Mimics the URL, design and logo of
ABC News (owned by
Disney–ABC Television Group ).
[16]
[17]
CBSnews.com.co
CBSnews.com.co
Mimics the URL, design and logo of
CBS News .
[18]
christianfreedommovement.com
christianfreedommovement.com
[18]
cnn.com.de
cnn.com.de
Impostor site of CNN.
[18]
isissingles.com
isissingles.com
[18]
iywib.com
iywib.com
[18]
keepdonaldtrump.com
keepdonaldtrump.com
[18]
makeredhatswearableagain.com
makeredhatswearableagain.com
[18]
mericaland.com
mericaland.com
[18]
microsoftsite.com
microsoftsite.com
[18]
nationalgeographic.com.co
nationalgeographic.com.co
Spoof of
National Geographic .
[18]
nationalreview.biz
nationalreview.biz
Spoof of
National Review .
[18]
NBC.com.co
NBC.com.co
Imitates NBC.
[19]
[18]
NBCNews.com.co
NBCNews.com.co
Defunct
Mimics the URL, design and logo of
NBC News .
[20]
News Examiner
newsexaminer.net
Started in 2015 by
Paul Horner , the lead writer of the
National Report . This website has been known to mix real news along with its fake news.
[21]
paulhorner.org
paulhorner.org
[18]
snopes.com.co
snopes.com.co
Imposter site of
Snopes .
[18]
St George Gazette
stgeorgegazette.com
[18]
[22]
[23]
superofficialnews.com
superofficialnews.com
[18]
thephoenixnewtimes.com
thephoenixnewtimes.com
[18]
trumptized.com
trumptized.com
[18]
WTOE 5 News
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
16WMPO
16WMPO.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[19]
[24]
[25]
AlexJones.xyz
AlexJones.xyz
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[26]
alynews.com
alynews.com
Part of a network that posted a false story that there was a sequel to the movie
Step Brothers in the works in 2016.
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[28]
[26]
channel16news.com
channel16news.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
channel17news.com
channel17news.com
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[29]
Channel 18 News
Channel18News.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[19]
[30]
[24]
clancyreport.com
clancyreport.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
Daily News 10
DailyNews10.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[19]
[31]
[24]
Daily News 11
dailynews11.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
Daily News 5
DailyNews5.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[19]
[26]
[24]
FoxBusiness.xyz
FoxBusiness.xyz
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[26]
Headline Brief
headlinebrief.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[28]
[26]
km8news.com
km8news.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
KMT 11 News
kmt11.com
Defunct
Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns. Before the website went down, it referred to itself as a "fantasy news website".
[32]
[33]
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[34]
[32]
[33]
[24]
knp7.com
knp7.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
kspm33.com
kspm33.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[28]
[26]
KUPR7
kupr7.com
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[35]
[36]
ky6news.com
ky6news.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[28]
[26]
KY12News.com
KY12News.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[19]
[24]
KYPO6
kypo6.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
Local 31 News
Local31News.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[19]
[31]
[24]
localnews33.com
localnews33.com
Part of the same network as alynews.com
[27]
[28]
lopezreport.com
lopezreport.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
maywoodpost.com
maywoodpost.com
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[37]
mbynews.com
mbynews.com
Part of the same network as alynews.com
[27]
[28]
[26]
McKenzie Post
mckenziepost.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[28]
[26]
NewsDaily12.com
NewsDaily12.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[19]
[24]
[25]
newsdaily27.com
newsdaily27.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
News Now 11
newsnow11.com
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[38]
The North Devon Journal
northdevonjournal.co.uk
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[29]
oreillypost.com
oreillypost.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
WBN 12 News
wbn12.com
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[31]
wcpm3.com
wcpm3.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
wleb21.com
wleb21.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
WRPT 16 News
wrpt16.com
Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.
[27]
[26]
WTOE 5 News
wtoe5news.com
Original source of false claim that Pope Francis had endorsed Donald Trump in 2016.
[39]
Your News Wire
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
Neon Nettle
neonnettle.com
Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.
Stated by Snopes to be "interrelated" with NewsPunch and Your News Wire.
[19]
[40]
[41]
Newspunch
Newspunch.com
Alternative name for YourNewsWire.
[40]
The People's Voice (formerly NewsPunch and Your News Wire )
thepeoplesvoice.tv
Founded by Sean Adl-Tabatabai and Sinclair Treadway in 2014. It has published fake stories, such as "claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit." Its name was changed to NewsPunch in 2018 and The People's Voice in 2023.
[42]
[19]
[40]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
Your News Wire
yournewswire.com
Former name for The People's Voice.
[42]
[19]
Others
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
ABCNews1.us
ABCNews1.us
Same owner as AJUAnews.
[50]
African News Updates
africannewupsdate.com
Same owner as News Updates South Africa. Published a false story about election fraud during the
2016 municipal elections in South Africa , which led to the
Electoral Commission of South Africa filing a criminal complaint against the site owner.
[51]
[52]
AJUAnews
AJUAnews.com
Plagiarized content from The Last Line of Defense. Reportedly owned by individual based in Pakistan.
[50]
ALNewsNetwork.press
ALNewsNetwork.press
Same owner as AJUAnews.
[50]
America Talks
Americatalks.com
Per FactCheck.org.
[40]
America's Freedom Fighters
Americasfreedomfighters.com
Per FactCheck.org.
[40]
Banned Information
BannedInformation.com
Per FactCheck.org.
[40]
Conservative Beaver
conservativebeaver.com
Published false anti-vaccination claims related to Pfizer, leading to Pfizer filing a petition to compel the site host to reveal the site owner's identity.
[53]
Dos Palos News
dospalosnews.com
Same owner as AJUAnews.
[50]
FB News Cycle
Fbnewscycle.com
Per FactCheck.org.
Same owner as Banned Information.
[40]
HealthFacts.pro
HealthFacts.pro
Same owner as AJUAnews.
[50]
Hot Global News
hotglobalnews.com
[47]
[54]
ILoveQuilting.pro
ILoveQuilting.pro
Same owner as AJUAnews.
[50]
Leading Report
theleadingreport.com
A website and Twitter account that promotes misinformation and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and United States politics.
[55]
National News Bulletin
nationalnewsbulletin.com
Same Google Analytics ID as News Updates South Africa.
[51]
[52]
The National Sun
thenationalsun.com
Same owners as Hot Global News.
[54]
[56]
net-breaking.com
net-breaking.com
Affiliated with Leading Report.
[55]
News@Last
newsatlast.com
Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.
Same owner as News Updates South Africa.
[51]
[52]
News Updates South Africa
newsupdatessa.site
Per Africa Check and News24.
[57]
[51]
Ohio Press Pro
ohiopress.pro
Same owner as AJUAnews.
[50]
thepedogate.com
thepedogate.com
Part of same network as America Talks. Spread the false
Pizzagate conspiracy theory .
[40]
The Red Panther
theredpanther.com
Former name of Toronto Today.
[53]
Right Wing Tribune
Rightwingtribune.com
Per FactCheck.org.
Same owners as America's Freedom Fighters.
[40]
Toronto99.com
Toronto99.com
Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver.
[53]
Toronto Today
torontotoday.net
Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver.
[53]
Vancouver Times
vancouvertimes.org
Likely shares the same site owner as the Conservative Beaver and Toronto Today.
[58]
Climate change denial
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
Climate Intelligence Foundation (CLINTEL)
clintel.org
[59]
[60]
NoTricksZone
notrickszone.com
[59]
[60]
Klimaat Feiten
klimaatfeiten.nl
[59]
[60]
Climate Gate
climategate.nl
[59]
[60]
Energy Talking Points
energytalkingpoints.com
[59]
[60]
Clima et Verité
climatetverite.net
[59]
[60]
Climato-Réalistes
climato-realistes.fr
[59]
[60]
Global Warming Scare
globalwarmingscare.wordpress.com
[60]
Climate Fraud
klima-schwindel.com
[60]
Climate Skeptical
climat-sceptique.over-blog.com
[60]
Climate Depot
climatedepot.com
[60]
Climate Exit (CLEXIT)
clexit.net
[60]
Climate Resistance
climate-resistance.org
[60]
CO2 Coalition
co2coalition.org
[60]
The Daily Sceptic
dailysceptic.org
Publishes anti-vaccine and climate change denial misinformation.
[61]
[59]
De Groene Rekenkamer
groene-rekenkamer.nl
[60]
Destaatvanhet Klimaat
destaatvanhet-klimaat.nl
[60]
Ecologia, Clima, Aquecimento
ecologia-clima-aquecimento.blogspot.com
[60]
Climate Curious
shortfall.blog
[60]
Climate Etc
judithcurry.com
[60]
Environmental Progress
environmentalprogress.org
[60]
European Climate Realist Network
ecr.network
[60]
Everything Climate
everythingclimate.com
[60]
Klimaat Gek
klimaatgek.nl
[60]
Klima Realisme
klimarealisme.dk
[60]
Klima Realistene
klimarealistene.com
[60]
Klimat Sans
klimatsans.com
[60]
Klimat Upplysningen
klimatupplysningen.se
[60]
Koklimaat
koklimaat.nl
[60]
La Question Climatique
laquestionclimatique.org
[60]
Science, Climat et Énergie
science-climat-energie.be
[60]
Sky Fall
skyfall.fr
[60]
Weather Action
weatheraction.com
[60]
A Grande Farsa do Aquecimento Global
agfdag.wordpress.com
[60]
Disinformation campaigns
Corporate disinformation campaigns
Examples of disinformation campaigns from companies include Eliminalia, a
reputation management firm that created a network of over 600 websites for its clients,
[62]
[63] and Regency Enterprises, which created sites to promote the movie
A Cure for Wellness .
[64]
[65]
Political disinformation campaigns
Examples of countries with political actors that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Brazil,
[66] India,
[67] Iran,
[3] Italy,
[68] the People's Republic of China,
[69] the Philippines,
[70] Russia,
[71] Ukraine (Luhansk),
[72] and the United States.
[73]
Fraudulent fact-checking websites
According to the
Poynter Institute , there are four categories of false fact-checking websites:
Sites that are satirical in nature
Sites that attempt to subvert serious fact-checking sites
Sites that re-appropriate the term "fact-check" for partisan political causes
Sites with more violent intentions, such as genocide denial.
[74]
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
AosFatos.com
AosFatos.com
Spoof of Brazilian fact-checking organization
Aos Fatos .
[75]
Business2Community
business2community.com
Plagiarized fact-checks from Lead Stories.
[76]
The California Republican
carepublican.com
Run by Devin Nunes' political campaign.
[74]
Descobrindo As Verdades
descobrindoasverdades.blogspot.com
Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.
[75]
Duboka Voda
dubokavoda.com
Partisan false fact-checking site in Croatia, per the Poynter Institute.
[74]
Faktiskt.eu
Faktiskt.eu
Spoof of Swedish fact-checking organization Faktiskt.
[77]
India News Network
indianewsnetwork.com
Same owner as India Vs Disinformation.
[78]
India Vs Disinformation
indiavsdisinformation.com
Owned by "a Canadian communications firm called Press Monitor"
[79]
[79]
[78]
Jigyasa Online
jigyasaonline.org
Same owner as India Vs Disinformation.
[78]
Middle East Guardians
meguardians.com
Published false fact-check about
Jamal Khashoggi .
[80]
Notícias Brasil Online
noticiasbrasilonline.com.br
Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.
[75]
O Detetive
odetetive.com
Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com. The website owner was summoned by a regional court in Brazil for publishing a false story about the
2018 attack on Jair Bolsonaro .
[75]
[81]
OpIndia
opindia.com
OpIndia is an Indian website that has been rejected by the
International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). Fact checkers certified by the IFCN have identified 25 fake news stories published by OpIndia between January 2018 and June 2020.
[82]
[83]
Pensa Brasil
pensabrasil.com
Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.
[75]
Plantão Brasil
plantaobrasil.net
Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.
[75]
Shayeaat
shayeaat.ir
Partisan false fact-checking site in Iran, per the Poynter Institute.
[74]
Vøx
voxnews.info
Partisan false fact-checking site in Italy, per the Poynter Institute. Not to be confused with
Vox , the American news site.
[74]
War on Fakes
waronfakes.com
A Russian website that promotes
Russian propaganda and
disinformation about the
Russian invasion of Ukraine .
[84]
[85]
Generative AI
As of April 2024,
NewsGuard has tracked at least 790 news/information websites automatically generated by machine learning models that span 16 languages.
[86]
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
airc.it
airc.it
[87]
AlaskaCommons.com
AlaskaCommons.com
[88]
BestBudgetUSA.com
BestBudgetUSA.com
[89]
Biz Breaking News
bizbreakingnews.com
Summarizes
The Financial Times and
Fortune .
[90]
BNN Breaking
bnnbreaking.com
[91]
bnn.network
Boluno.com
Boluno.com
[87]
bosase.com
bosase.com
[87]
Buckeye State Press
buckeyestatepress.com
Created by a journalist to demonstrate the ease of building generative AI-based political news sites.
[92]
Celeb Jihad
celebjihad.com
Described by the Daily Beast as a "satirical celebrity gossip website",
[93] the site has spread real and fake nude images of celebrities using Photoshop and
Generative AI .
[93]
[94]
[95]
[96]
celebritiesdeaths.com
celebritiesdeaths.com
[97]
[89]
CountyLocalNews.com
CountyLocalNews.com
[89]
Daily Business Post
[90]
DailyHeadliner.com
DailyHeadliner.com
[98]
Daily Time Update
[99]
Famadillo.com
Famadillo.com
[97]
[89]
FilthyLucre.com
FilthyLucre.com
[89]
FoodingWorld.com
FoodingWorld.com
[88]
Getintoknowledge.com
Getintoknowledge.com
[97]
[89]
globalvillagespace.com
globalvillagespace.com
[98]
HistoryFact.in
HistoryFact.in
[89]
iBusiness Day
[99]
Ireland Top News
irelandtopnews.com
[99]
L'Observatoire de l'Europe
observatoiredeleurope.com
Accused of automatically plagiarizing stories from
Euronews .
[100]
LiverPoolDigest.co.uk
LiverPoolDigest.co.uk
[98]
Lunumi.com
Lunumi.com
[87]
Medical Outline
medicaloutline.com
[99]
NewsGPT
newsgpt.ai
[101]
News Live 79
[90]
News You Can't Use
newsyoucantuse.com
[102]
NoticiasDeEmprego.com.br
NoticiasDeEmprego.com.br
[88]
NotRealNews.net
NotRealNews.net
[103]
Roadan.com
Roadan.com
[98]
Scoop Earth
ScoopEarth.com
[97]
[89]
setolu.com
setolu.com
[87]
Time.news
Time.news
[88]
TnewsNetwork.com
TnewsNetwork.com
[89]
TopGolf.kr
TopGolf.kr
[98]
topnews67.com
topnews67.com
Accused of plagiarizing story from The Last Line of Defense, possibly via ChatGPT.
[104]
TopStories.com.ng
TopStories.com.ng
[98]
vatolu.com
vatolu.com
[87]
Walli.us
Walli.us
[98]
WaveFunction.info
WaveFunction.info
[89]
WhatsNew2Day.com
WhatsNew2Day.com
[98]
World-Today-News.com
World-Today-News.com
[88]
Hate groups
The following table lists websites that have been both considered by fact-checkers as distributing false news and are run by organizations that have been designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups.
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
banned.video
banned.video
Sister site of InfoWars.
Warned by the US
Food and Drug Administration for spreading misinformation on COVID-19 for "claims on videos posted on your websites that establish the intended use of your products and misleadingly represent them as safe and/or effective for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19."
[105]
[106]
[107]
Bare Naked Islam
barenakedislam.com
[108]
[109]
Brighteon
Brighteon.com
Sister site of Natural News.
[110]
The Daily Stormer
DailyStormer.com
Per PolitiFact.
[19]
[111]
Geller Report
Gellerreport.com
Registered through Pamela Geller's organization, the American Freedom Defense Initiative.
[40]
[109]
HoggWatch
hoggwatch.com
Setup by Natural News founders to publish attacks against
Parkland high school shooting survivors.
[112]
[113]
InfoWars
infowars.com
Managed by
Alex Jones . Has claimed that millions of people have voted illegally in the 2016 presidential election, that the
Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a hoax, that the
Boston Marathon bombing was a false flag attack, and that the Democratic Party
was hosting a child sex slave ring out of a pizza restaurant .
[114]
[115]
[116]
[117]
[118]
[119]
[120]
[121]
[122]
[123]
[124]
Natural News
naturalnews.com
Formerly NewsTarget, a website for the sale of various
dietary supplements , promotion of
alternative medicine , controversial nutrition and health claims, and various
conspiracy theories , such as "
chemtrails ",
chemophobic claims (including the purported dangers of
fluoride in drinking water ,
anti-perspirants ,
laundry detergent ,
monosodium glutamate ,
aspartame ), and
purported health problems caused by allegedly "toxic" ingredients in vaccines, including the
now-discredited link to autism .
[125]
[126]
[127]
[128]
[123]
[124]
NewsTarget
newstarget.com
Sister site of Natural News.
[110]
Next News Network
nextnewsnetwork.com
Combined content from mainstream sites such as the Associated Press with content from sites such as
RT and
Sputnik .
[129]
[130]
[131]
[132]
PrisonPlanet
prisonplanet.com
Sister site of InfoWars.
[133]
Red Ice
RedIce.tv
[134]
[135]
TruNews
trunews.com
[136]
[137]
[124]
WorldNetDaily
wnd.com
A far-right website known for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories, including the false claim that
Barack Obama
was not born in the United States.
[136]
[138]
[139]
[123]
[140]
[124]
Satire
Numerous websites have been created by companies that contain satirical or news parody content that is intended to be or has been designated by fact-checkers as fake news.
Troll farms
Examples of countries with troll farms that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Cambodia,
[141] Ghana,
[142] North Macedonia,
[143] the Republic of Georgia,
[144] and Russia.
[145]
User-generated fake news
The following table lists websites that have allowed users to generate their own hoaxes that appear in the form of news articles. While the stated purpose is for users to prank their friends, many of the resulting false stories have spread on social media and have led to harassment.
[146]
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
12minutos.com
12minutos.com
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
24aktuelles.com
24aktuelles.com
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
actualite.co
actualite.co
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
theasociatedpress.com
theasociatedpress.com
Same owner as The Fake News Generator.
[147]
[148]
thebreakingnews.co
thebreakingnews.co
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
BreakingNews247.net
BreakingNews247.net
Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365.
[19]
[47]
BreakingNews365.net
BreakingNews365.net
Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365.
[19]
[47]
cbs-news.us
cbs-news.us
Same owner as The Fake News Generator.
[149]
cbsnews.us
cbsnews.us
Same owner as The Fake News Generator.
[149]
channel22news.com
channel22news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
Channel 23 News
Channel23News.com
Prank website for generating false stories.
[42]
Channel24news.com
Channel24news.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[19]
[47]
[146]
channel28news.com
channel28news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel33news.com
channel33news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel34news.com
channel34news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel40news.com
channel40news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel45news.com
channel45news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel46news.com
channel46news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel55news.com
channel55news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel56news.com
channel56news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel59news.com
channel59news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel60news.com
channel60news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel62news.com
channel62news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel63news.com
channel63news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel65news.com
channel65news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel66news.com
channel66news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel68news.com
channel68news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
channel77news.com
channel77news.com
Same owner as Channel 23 News.
[47]
[146]
Clone Zone
clonezone.link
Impersonated The New York Times to spread the false story that
Elizabeth Warren had endorsed
Bernie Sanders in 2016.
[150]
[151]
[152]
[153]
[154]
[155]
[156]
cnoticias.net
cnoticias.net
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
en-bref.fr
en-bref.fr
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
fakeawish.com
fakeawish.com
[157]
The Fake News Generator
thefakenewsgenerator.com
[149]
fakeShare
fakeshare.com
[158]
[159]
FeedNewz
feednewz.com
Renamed to prank.link.
[160]
nachrichten.de.com
nachrichten.de.com
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
nachrichten365.com
nachrichten365.com
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
net-infosnews.com
net-infosnews.com
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
thenewyorktimes.company
thenewyorktimes.company
Same owner as The Fake News Generator.
[147]
[148]
Nipsy’s News
nipsysnews.com
[161]
noticias-frescas.com
noticias-frescas.com
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
notizzia.com
notizzia.com
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
prank.link
prank.link
[160]
[158]
PunkShare
PunkShare.com
[162]
React 365
React365.com
This user-created fake news generator, supposedly for "pranking your friends", had at least two stories that went viral.
[21]
[47]
routers.news
routers.news
Same owner as PunkShare. Spoof of Reuters.
[163]
SHRTURL
shrturl.co
[164]
toutelinfo.fr
toutelinfo.fr
Same owner as React 365.
[47]
Other networks
Many fake news websites can be assessed as likely being part of the same network campaign if some combination of the following are true:
Action News 3
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
Action News 3
actionnews3.com
Spread death hoaxes about various public figures.
[21]
[169]
[170]
Breaking13News.com
Breaking13News.com
[169]
[170]
Daily Buzz Live
DailyBuzzLive.com
Per PolitiFact.
Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout, a false claim that had been spreading since 2012.
Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.
[19]
[171]
[172]
[170]
dailyviralbuzz.com
dailyviralbuzz.com
[170]
News4KTLA.com
News4KTLA.com
Impostor site, per PolitiFact.
Has the same IP address as Action News 3.
Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.
Cited story from World News Daily Report.
[19]
[173]
[174]
[175]
[176]
[169]
[170]
News4Local.com
News4Local.com
[169]
[170]
Now 8 News
Now8News.com
Started in 2015, this fake news website is also designed to look like a local television outlet. Several of the website's fake stories have successfully spread on social media. Has the same IP address as Action News 3.
[21]
[177]
[178]
[173]
[169]
[170]
TheRacketReport.com
TheRacketReport.com
Per PolitiFact.
Has the same IP address as Action News 3.
Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.
[19]
[173]
[174]
[170]
realstonedtimes.com
realstonedtimes.com
[170]
Straight Stoned
straightstoned.com
Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.
[47]
[179]
[170]
Batty Post
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
abc14news.com
abc14news.com
Spoof of ABC News.
[180]
[181]
abcnews-us.com
abcnews-us.com
Spoof of ABC News.
[21]
[47]
abcnews5.com
abcnews5.com
Spoof of ABC News.
[182]
AlabamaObserver.com
AlabamaObserver.com
[19]
[165]
albertatimes.com
albertatimes.com
[165]
Batty Post
battypost.com
Published a false claim about being acquired by East Asia Tribune, a page that has the same Google AdSense ID.
[165]
[47]
[183]
[184]
Border Herald
borderherald.com
[165]
Boston Leader
bostonleader.com
Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage , another fake news site.
[19]
[21]
[185]
[165]
boston-post.com
boston-post.com
Not to be confused with the
Boston Post .
Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.
[180]
[182]
cairnstimes.com
cairnstimes.com
[165]
cbs15.com
cbs15.com
Spoof of CBS News. Possibly part of same network as abc14news.com.
[186]
[187]
cbsnews10.com
cbsnews10.com
Spoof of CBS News. Part of same network as abc14news.com.
[180]
[181]
cbsnews15.com
cbsnews15.com
Spoof of CBS News.
[182]
cbsnews24.com
cbsnews24.com
Spoof of CBS News.
[182]
cgcnews.com
cgcnews.com
Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.
[187]
[186]
cnn-globalnews.com
cnn-globalnews.com
Impostor site of CNN. Published death hoax on Clint Eastwood.
[188]
[165]
[47]
cnn-internationaledition.com
cnn-internationaledition.com
Impostor site of CNN.
[165]
[47]
coindesk-us.com
coindesk-us.com
Spoof of
CoinDesk .
[182]
countyweekly.com
countyweekly.com
[47]
dallastimes.us
dallastimes.us
[47]
DenverInquirer.com
DenverInquirer.com
[19]
[165]
dublintribune.com
dublintribune.com
[47]
East Asia Tribune
eastasiatribune.com
Published death hoax about Kim Jong-un.
[189]
Florida Sun Post
floridasunpost.com
Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage , another fake news site.
[185]
[19]
[165]
focustimes.org
focustimes.org
[165]
foreignjournal.com
foreignjournal.com
[165]
fox-26houston.com
fox-26houston.com
[182]
fox-32chicago.com
fox-32chicago.com
[182]
foxnews-us.com
foxnews-us.com
Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.
[180]
[182]
foxnews15.com
foxnews15.com
[182]
freeinquirer.com
freeinquirer.com
[47]
The Jackson Telegraph
jacksontelegraph.com
[188]
[165]
[47]
longarticles.com
longarticles.com
[165]
MississippiHerald.com
MississippiHerald.com
[19]
[165]
[47]
nbc9news.com
nbc9news.com
Spoof of NBC. Part of same network as abc14news.com.
[180]
[181]
[186]
[187]
nbcnews11.com
nbcnews11.com
[182]
nbcnews15.com
nbcnews15.com
[182]
nbcnews6.com
nbcnews6.com
[182]
newjournal.us
newjournal.us
[47]
thenyherald.com
thenyherald.com
Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.
[187]
pressunion.org
pressunion.org
[165]
si-nba.com
si-nba.com
[182]
sundayregister.com
sundayregister.com
[165]
The Sunday Inquirer
sundayinquirer.com
[188]
[165]
The Sunday Post
sundaypost.org
[165]
surreytelegraph.com
surreytelegraph.com
[47]
sydneybulletin.com
sydneybulletin.com
[47]
Telegraph Sun
telegraphsun.com
[165]
timesofcambodia.com
timesofcambodia.com
[47]
tmz-us.com
tmz-us.com
Spoof of
TMZ . Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.
[187]
tvtnews.com
tvtnews.com
Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.
[187]
[186]
unitednews.org
unitednews.org
[165]
us-nbcnews.com
us-nbcnews.com
Spoof of NBC News. Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.
[187]
usatoday-go.com
usatoday-go.com
Has the same IP address as cbsnews10.com.
[180]
[190]
Vancouver Inquirer
vancouverinquirer.com
[165]
[47]
vice-en-us.com
vice-en-us.com
Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.
[180]
[182]
weekendherald.com
weekendherald.com
[165]
yahoonews-us.com
yahoonews-us.com
Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.
[180]
[182]
Celebtricity
PoliticsFocus
Used a technique called "domain hopping" - repeatedly switching domain names to stay ahead of advertising blacklists on social media.
[194]
[195]
Name
Domain
Status
Notes
Sources
PoliticsFocus
anypolitical.com
[194]
PoliticsFocus
cloudpolitical.com
[194]
[196]
PoliticsFocus
goldpolitics.com
[196]
PoliticsFocus
flexpolitics.com
[196]
PoliticsFocus
jetpolitics.com
[194]
[196]
PoliticsFocus
maxrepublican.com
[194]
[196]
PoliticsFocus
politicsbee.com
[194]
PoliticsFocus
politicsedge.com
[196]
PoliticsFocus
politicsfast.com
[196]
PoliticsFocus
Politicsfocus.com
Per FactCheck.org.
[40]
[194]
[196]
[197]
PoliticsFocus
politicsmate.com
[194]
[196]
PoliticsFocus
politicstec.com
[194]
[196]
PoliticsFocus
politicsvision.com
[194]
[196]
PoliticsFocus
sunrepublican.com
[194]
PoliticsFocus
totalpolitical.com
[196]
Miscellaneous
The following article lists miscellaneous sites that are one-offs or otherwise lack information that would place them into one of the other categories above.
See also
References
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a
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^
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^
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b
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^
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^
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h
i
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^ Emery, David (2018-01-19).
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^ Baum, Gary (September 21, 2017).
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The Hollywood Reporter .
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^ Boswell, Josh (January 29, 2017).
"Mother churns out stories for master of fake news" .
The Times . London.
Archived from the original on July 18, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017 . The man behind one of America's biggest 'fake news' websites is a former BBC worker from London whose mother writes many of his stories. Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 35, runs YourNewsWire.com, the source of scores of dubious news stories, including claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit.
^
"Don't get fooled by these fake news sites" .
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Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019 .
^
"Misinformation Directory" . FactCheck.org . July 6, 2017.
Archived from the original on August 28, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2018 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
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