Wales (
Welsh: Cymru[ˈkəm.rɨ]ⓘ) is a
country that is part of the
United Kingdom. It is bordered by the
Irish Sea to the north and west,
England to the
east, the
Bristol Channel to the south, and the
Celtic Sea to the south-west. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 3,107,494. It has a total area of 21,218 square kilometres (8,192 sq mi) and over 2,700 kilometres (1,680 mi) of coastline. It is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including
Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit. The country lies within the
north temperate zone and has a changeable,
maritime climate. The capital and largest city is
Cardiff.
The Kidwelly and Llanelly Canal was a
canal and
tramroad system in
Carmarthenshire,
Wales, built to carry
anthracitecoal to the coast for onward transportation by coastal ships. It began life as the Kymer Canal in 1766, which linked pits at Pwll y Llygod to a dock near
Kidwelly. Access to the dock gradually became more difficult as the estuary silted up, and an extension to
Llanelli was authorised in 1812. Progress was slow, and the new canal was linked to a harbour at Pembury built by Thomas Gaunt in the 1820s, until the company's own harbour at
Burry Port was completed in 1832. Tramways served a number of collieries to the east of Burry Port.
In 1832 engineer
James Green advised on extending the system, and suggested a line with three
inclined planes to reach Cwmmawr, further up the
Gwendraeth Valley. Green underestimated the cost and could not complete the work. He was sacked in 1836, but the canal company finished the new route the following year. In 1865 the company changed its name to become the Kidwelly and Burry Port Railway, amalgamated with the company running Burry Port in the following year, and the canal became the
Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway in 1869. Kymer's Dock at Kidwelly continued to be used for the export of coal by coasters for another 50 years. It was used as a rubbish dump during the 1950s, but together with a short section of the canal was restored in the 1980s.
... that the churchyard of St Caian's Church, Tregaian, contains the grave of a man who died in 1581 aged 105 with over 40 children and 300 living descendants?
... that after a fox took shelter in the ruins of Capel Lligwy, in
Anglesey, a vault was discovered containing "a large mass of human bones, several feet in depth"?
Llywelyn the Great (
WelshLlywelyn Fawr) was a Prince of
Gwynedd in North
Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years, and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called 'the Great'. During Llywelyn's boyhood Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who had agreed to split the kingdom between them following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather,
Owain Gwynedd, in
1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200, and made a treaty with King
John of England the same year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter
Joan in 1205, and when John arrested
Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of
Powys in 1208 Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys.
Image 23'The Welsh at Mametz Wood' painted by Christopher Williams, commissioned by Secretary of State for War at the time, David Lloyd George. (from History of Wales)
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