The Suffolk Punch, also historically known as the Suffolk Horse or Suffolk Sorrel, is an English
breed of
draught horse. The breed takes the first part of its name from the county of
Suffolk in
East Anglia, and the name "Punch" from its solid appearance and strength. It is a heavy draught horse which is always
chestnut in colour, although the colour is traditionally spelled "chesnut" by the
breed registries. Suffolk Punches are known as
good doers, and tend to have energetic
gaits.
The breed was developed in the early 16th century, and remains similar in
phenotype to its
founding stock. The Suffolk Punch was developed for farm work, and gained popularity during the early 20th century. However, as agriculture became increasingly mechanised, the breed fell out of favour, particularly from the middle part of the century, and almost disappeared completely. Although the breed's status is listed as critical by the UK
Rare Breeds Survival Trust and the
American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, there has been a resurgence in interest, and population numbers are increasing. As well as being used for farm work, the breed pulled
artillery and non-motorised commercial vans and buses. It was also exported to other countries to upgrade local equine stock.
The Thoroughbred is a
horse breed best known for its use in
horse racing. Although the word "thoroughbred" is sometimes used to refer to any breed of
purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed. Thoroughbreds are considered a "
hot-blooded" horse, known for their agility, speed and spirit.
The Thoroughbred as it is known today was first developed in 17th and 18th century England, when native
mares were
crossbred with imported
Arabianstallions. All modern Thoroughbreds can trace their pedigrees to three stallions originally imported into England in the 1600s and 1700s, and to 74
foundation mares of English and Oriental (Arabian or
Barb) blood. During the 1700s and 1800s, the Thoroughbred breed spread throughout the world; they were imported into North America starting in 1730 and into Australia, Europe, Japan and South America during the 1800s. Millions of Thoroughbreds exist worldwide today, with over 118,000
foals registered each year worldwide.
The Appaloosa is a
horse breed known for its preferred
leopard-spotted coat pattern and other distinctive physical characteristics. The American breed was developed by the
Nez Perce people of the American
Pacific Northwest. The Nez Perce people lost most of their horses following the end of the
Nez Perce War in 1877 and the breed fell into decline for several decades. However, a small number of dedicated breeders kept the Appaloosa alive for several decades until a
registry was formed in 1938. Today the Appaloosa is one of the most popular breeds in the
United States, and it was named the official
state horse of
Idaho in 1975.
The Appaloosa is best known as a
stock horse used in a number of
western riding disciplines, but is also a versatile breed with representatives seen in many other types of
equestrian activity. The color pattern of the Appaloosa is of great interest to those who study
equine coat color genetics, as both the coat pattern and several other physical characteristics are linked to the "Lp" or "leopard"
gene or
gene complex, but the precise
inheritance mechanism is not fully understood. The Appaloosa has influenced many other horse breeds, including several
gaited horse breeds.
The Arabian horse is a
breed of
horse that originated in the
Middle East. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is one of the oldest
horse breeds, with
archaeological evidence of horses that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years. Throughout history, Arabian horses from the Middle East spread around the world, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and good bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.
The Arabian developed in a
desert climate and was prized by the nomadic
Bedouin people, often being brought inside the family tent for shelter and protection. This close relationship with humans created a horse breed that is good-natured, quick to learn, and willing to please. But the Arabian also developed the high spirit and alertness needed in a horse used for raiding and
war. This combination of willingness and sensitivity requires modern Arabian horse owners to handle their horses with competence and respect. Arabians dominate the discipline of
endurance riding, and compete today in many other fields of
equestrian activity. Arabian horses are now found worldwide, including the
United States and
Canada, the
United Kingdom,
Australia, continental
Europe,
South America and the
Middle East.
Although they can trample both plants and ground nesting animals, and they are not considered
indigenous to the islands, Bankers are allowed to remain due to their historical significance. They survive by grazing on marsh grasses. Water is usually obtained from temporary freshwater pools and from moisture in vegetation. To protect the habitat from overgrazing and avoid overpopulation and inbreeding, the horses are managed by the
National Park Service, the State of North Carolina and several private organizations. Island populations are limited by adoptions and by birth control. When taken from the wild and trained by humans, Bankers are used for
trail riding,
driving and occasionally for mounted patrols.
The Haflinger, also known as the Avelignese, is a breed of
horse developed in
Austria and northern
Italy during the late 1800s. There are several theories as to this breed's origin, but its current
conformation and appearance are the result of infusions of
Arabian and various
European breeds' blood into the original native
Tyrolean ponies. Haflinger horses are relatively small, are always
chestnut in color, and have distinctive
gaits described as energetic but smooth. The breed is well-muscled, but with an elegant appearance. Haflingers have many uses, including light
draft and
harness work as well as various under-saddle disciplines such as
endurance riding,
dressage,
equestrian vaulting and
therapeutic riding programs. The World Haflinger Federation (WHF) is the international governing body that controls breed standards for the Haflinger. The WHF is made up of a confederation of 22 national registries, and helps to set breeding objectives, guidelines and rules for its member organizations.
The Sorraia is a rare
breed of
horse indigenous to a region on the
Iberian peninsula known today as
Portugal. The Sorraia is known for its primitive features, including a convex profile and
dun coloring with
primitive markings. Concerning its origins, a theory has been advanced by some authors that the Sorraia is a descendant of primitive horses belonging to the naturally occurring wild
fauna of Southern
Iberia. Studies are currently ongoing to discover the relationship between the Sorraia and various wild horse types, as well as its relationship with other breeds from the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa.
Members of the breed are small, but hardy and well-adapted to harsh conditions. They were occasionally captured and used by native farmers for centuries, and a remnant population of these nearly
extinct horses was discovered by a Portuguese
zoologist in the early 20th century. Today, the Sorraia has become the focus of preservation efforts, with European scientists leading the way and enthusiasts from several countries forming projects and establishing herds to assist in the re-establishment of this breed from its current endangered status.
The Icelandic horse is a
breed of
horse developed in
Iceland. The breed develops late, but is long-lived and hardy. The Icelandic displays five
gaits, rather than the typical three displayed by most other breeds. Horses living in their native Iceland have few diseases, and laws prevent animals from being imported to Iceland or returning to the country after they are exported. They are still used for traditional farm work in Iceland, as well as for leisure,
showing and
racing.
The breed was developed from ponies brought to Iceland by
Viking settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries. Horses were worshipped in
Norse mythology, and these beliefs were brought to Iceland by the original settlers. The Icelandic breed is mentioned in both literature and historical records throughout Icelandic history, from the 9th century on, with the first historical reference to an individual horse appearing in the 12th century.
Selective breeding and
natural selection have developed the breed into its current form. The first Icelandic
breed society was created in 1904, and today the breed is represented by organizations in 19 different nations.
The Cleveland Bay is
breed of
horse originating in Great Britain during the
Middle Ages. It is a well-muscled horse, with legs that are strong but short in relation to the body. The horses are always
bay in color. They are the oldest established horse breed in England, and the only non-heavy horse developed in Great Britain. They were originally developed for use as
pack horses, where they gained their nickname of "Chapman Horses". Over the years, the breed became lighter in frame as they were employed more as carriage and riding horses. The popularity of the Cleveland Bay has greatly fluctuated since it was first imported to the United States in the early 1800s. Despite serious declines in the population after
World War II, the breed has experienced a resurgence in popularity since the 1980s.
The breed has also been used to develop and improve several
warmblood and
draft horse breeds. Today they are used for farm and driving, as well as under-saddle work. They are used especially for
fox hunting, both
pure blooded and when crossed with
Thoroughbreds. The Cleveland Bay is a rare breed, and both the United Kingdom-based
Rare Breeds Survival Trust and the United States-based
American Livestock Breeds Conservancy consider the population to be at critical limits for extinction.
The Marwari or Malani is a
breed of
horse from India. It is known for its inward-turning ear tips, and comes in all colors, although
pinto colors tend to be the most popular. It is a hardy breed, and quite similar to the
Kathiawari, also from India. Many members of the breed exhibit a natural
pacinggait. The Marwari are descended from native Indian ponies crossed with
Arabian horses, possibly with some
Mongolian influence.
The
Rathores, traditional rulers of the
Marwar region of India, were the first to breed the Marwari. Beginning in the 12th century, they espoused strict breeding that promoted the purity and hardiness of the breed. Used throughout history as a cavalry horse by the people of the Marwar region, the Marwari was noted for its loyalty and bravery in battle. The breed deteriorated in the 1930s, with breeding stock diminishing due to poor management practices, but today has regained some of its popularity. The Marwari is used for light
draft and agricultural work, as well as
riding and packing. In 1995, a breed society was formed for the Marwari in India, and in the 2000’s horses have begun to be exported to the United States and Europe.
The Ardennes or Ardennais is one of the oldest
breeds of
draft horse, and originates from the
Ardennes area in
Belgium,
Luxembourg and
France. They are heavy-boned with thick legs and are used for draft work. The Ardennes is found in many
colors, although
black horses are very rare and are not allowed to be registered with the
breed registry. Their history reaches back to
Ancient Rome, and throughout the years blood from several other breeds has been added to the Ardennes, although only the
Belgian breed had any significant impact. The first Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929. The horses have been used throughout history as
war horses, both as
cavalry mounts and to draw
artillery, and are used today mainly for heavy draft and farm work, meat production and competitive
driving events. They have also been used to influence or create several other horse breeds throughout Europe and Asia.
The Eriskay Pony is a
breed of
pony from Scotland. It is generally
grey in color, and has a dense, waterproof coat that protects it in harsh weather. The breed developed in ancient times in the
Hebrides islands in Scotland, and a small population remained pure and protected from crossbreeding by the remoteness of the islands. It is used for light
draught (draft) work, as a mount for children, in many
equestrian disciplines, and for
driving. The breed is rare today, with the
Rare Breeds Survival Trust considering their status critical. There are two
breed registries for the Eriskay, the first formed in 1972 and the second in 1995.
The Andalusian, also known as the Purebred Spanish Horse or PRE (Pura Raza Española; in English, Pure Spanish-bred), is a
horsebreed that was developed in the
Iberian Peninsula. It is extremely similar to the closely related
Lusitano breed. Andalusians are strongly built, compact yet elegant horses with long, thick manes and tails. The most common color is
gray, although they can be found in many other colors.
The ancestors of the Andalusian have been present on the Iberian Peninsula for thousands of years, but they became recognized as an individual breed beginning in the 15th century. Throughout its history, the Andalusian has been known for its prowess as a
war horse and was prized by nobles. There are currently less than 20,000 Andalusians in the world today, including around 4,500 in the United States. Today, Andalusians are used for many
equestrian activities, including
dressage,
show jumping and
driving. They have been used extensively to create and improve other breeds, including the
Lipizzan. The breed is also used extensively in movies, especially historical movies and fantasy epics, and one serves as the current mascot for the
University of Southern California.
A Brumby is a free-roaming
feral horse in
Australia. Although they are found in many areas around the country, the best-known brumbies are found in the
Australian Alps region in south-eastern Australia. Today, the most are found in the
Northern Territory, with the second largest population in
Queensland. A grouping of Brumbies is known as a "mob" or a "band".
Brumbies are the descendants of escaped or lost horses, dating back in some cases to those belonging to the nation's early
European settlers. These horses included the "Capers" that arrived from
South Africa,
Timor Ponies from
Indonesia, British pony breeds, various British
draught horse breeds and a significant number of
Thoroughbreds and
Arabians.
Today they live in many places, including some
National Parks. Occasionally they are
mustered and domesticated for use as
campdrafters, working
stock horses on farms or
stations, but also as
trail horses,
show horses,
Pony Club mounts and pleasure horses. These horses are the subject of some controversy, sometimes regarded as a pest and threat to native
ecosystems, but valued by others as part of Australia's heritage.
The Lusitano is a
Portuguesehorse breed, closely related to the Spanish
Andalusian horse. Both are sometimes called
Iberian horses, as the breeds both developed on the
Iberian peninsula, and until the 1960s they were considered one breed, under the Andalusian name. Horses were known to be present on the
Iberian Peninsula as far back as 20,000 BC, and by 800 BC the region was renowned for its
war horses. When the
Muslims invaded Iberia in 711 AD, they brought
Barb horses with them that were crossed with the native horses, developing a horse that became useful for war,
dressage and
bull fighting. In 1966, the Portuguese and Spanish
stud books split, and the Portuguese strain of the Iberian horse was named the Lusitano, after the word Lusitania, the ancient Roman name for Portugal. There are three main breed lineages within the breed today, and characteristics differ slightly between each line. There is also the Alter Real strain of Lusitano, bred only at the Alter Real State Stud.
Lusitanos can be any solid
color, although they are generally
gray,
bay or
chestnut. Horses of the Alter Real strain are always bay. Members of the breed are of
Baroque type, with convex facial profiles, heavy muscling, intelligent and willing natures, with agile and elevated movement. Originally bred for war, dressage and bullfighting, Lusitanos are still used today in the latter two. They have competed in several
Olympics and
World Equestrian Games as part of the Portuguese and Spanish dressage teams. They have also made a showing in
driving competitions.
Kaimanawa horses are a population of
feral horses in
New Zealand that are descended from domestic horses released in the 19th and 20th centuries. They are known for their hardiness and quiet temperament. The New Zealand government strictly controls the population to protect the
habitat in which they live, which includes several
endangered species of plants. The varying heritage gives the breed a wide range of heights, body patterns and colours. They are usually well-muscled, sure-footed and tough.
Horses were first reported in the
Kaimanawa Range in 1876, although the first horses had been brought into New Zealand in 1814. The feral herds grew as horses escaped and were released from sheep stations and cavalry bases. Members of the herd were recaptured by locals for use as riding horses, as well as being caught for their meat, hair and hides. The herd declined as large scale farming and forestry operations encroached on their ranges, and only around 174 horses were known to exist by 1979. The Kaimanawa herd was protected by the New Zealand government in 1981, and there were 1,576 horses in the herd by 1994. A small, mostly unmanaged population also exists on the
Aupouri Peninsula at the northern tip of the North Island. Roundups have been carried out annually since 1993 to manage the size of the herd, removing around 2,800 horses altogether. The Kaimanawa population is listed as a herd of special genetic value by the United Nations' Food and Agricultural Organization, and several studies have been conducted on the herd dynamics and habits of the breed.
The Breton is a
breed of
draft horse. It was developed in
Brittany, a province in northwest France, from native ancestral stock dating back thousands of years. The Breton was created through the
crossbreeding of many different European and
Oriental breeds. In 1909, a
stud book was created, and in 1951 the book was officially
closed. The breed is often
chestnut in color, and is strong and muscular. There are three distinct subtypes of the Breton, each coming from a different area of Brittany. The Corlay Breton is the smallest type, and is generally used for light draft and under saddle work. The Postier Breton is used for harness and light farm work. The Heavy Draft Breton is the largest subtype, and is generally used for the hardest draft work. It has been used in
military, draft and
agricultural capacities. The Breton has been used to improve and create many other draft breeds, as well as being bred to produce
mules.
The Nokota horse is a
feral and
semi-feralhorse breed located in the
badlands of southwestern
North Dakota in the United States. The breed developed in the 1800s from
foundation bloodstock consisting of ranch-bred horses produced from local Indian horses mixed with
Spanish horses,
Thoroughbreds,
harness horses and related breeds. The Nokota was almost wiped out during the early 1900s when ranchers, in cooperation with state and federal agencies, worked together to reduce competition for livestock grazing. However, when
Theodore Roosevelt National Park was created in the 1940s, a few bands were inadvertently trapped inside, and thus were preserved. Today, the park conducts regular thinning of the herd to keep numbers between 70 and 110, and the excess horses are sold off. In the late 1970s, brothers Leo and Frank Kuntz began purchasing the horses with the aim of preserving the breed, and in 1999 started the Nokota Horse Conservancy, later beginning a
breed registry through the same organization. Later, a separate breed registry was begun by another organization in
Minnesota.
The Nokota horse has an angular frame, is commonly
blue roan in color, and often exhibits an
amblinggait called the "Indian shuffle". The breed is generally separated into two sections, the traditional and the ranch type, which differ slightly in
conformation and height. They are used in many events, including
endurance riding,
western riding and
English disciplines.
The Shire horse is a breed of
draught horse (
BrE) or
draft horse (
AmE). The breed comes in many
colors, including
black,
bay and
gray. They are a tall breed, with
mares standing 16
hands (64 inches, 163 cm) and over and
stallions standing 17
hands (68 inches, 173 cm) and over. The breed has an enormous capacity for weight pulling, and Shires have held the world records for both largest overall horse and tallest horse at various times. Throughout its history, the breed has been popular for pulling
brewery wagons that delivered
ale to customers. This practice continues today, with the breed also being used for forestry, leisure and promotional pursuits.
In 1884, the organization now known as the British Shire Horse Society was created, with the American Shire Horse Association beginning in 1885. The breed was exported from Britain to the United States in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but popularity fell with the advent of mechanization, reaching a low point in the 1950s and 60s. Popularity began to increase again in the 1970s and after. However, population numbers are still considered to be at critical levels by both the UK-based
Rare Breeds Survival Trust and the US-based
American Livestock Breeds Conservancy.
The Percheron is a breed of
draft horses that originated in the
Perche valley in northern France. Percherons are usually
gray or
black in color. They are well-muscled, and known for their intelligence and willingness to work. Although their exact origins are unknown, the ancestors of the breed were present in the valley by the 1600s. They were originally
bred for use as a
war horse. Over time, they began to be used for pulling
stage coaches, and later for agriculture and hauling heavy goods. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries,
Arabian blood was added to the breed. In the late 1800s, exports of Percherons from France to the United States and other countries rose exponentially, and in 1893 the first purely Percheron
stud book was created in France.
The current US Percheron
registry was created in 1934. In World War I, the breed was used extensively by the British. In the 1930s, Percherons accounted for 70% of the draft horse population in the United States, but their numbers declined substantially after World War II. However, the population began to recover, and as of 2009, around 2,500 horses are registered annually in the United States alone. Today, the breed is still used extensively for draft work, and in France they are used for
food. They have been crossed with several light horse breeds, such as the
Criollo, to produce horses for range work and competition.
Purebred Percherons are used for forestry work and pulling carriages, as well as under saddle work, including competition in
English riding disciplines such as
show jumping.
The Boulonnais, also known as the "White Marble Horse", is a heavy
draft horse breed. It is known for its elegant, though large, appearance, and is found in many
colors. The breed's origins trace to a period before the
Crusades. During the 17th century,
Spanish Barb,
Arabian, and
Andalusian blood was added to create the modern type. During the early 1900s the Boulonnais were imported in large numbers to the United States, and were quite popular in France; the European population suffered severe decreases during 20th century wars. The breed was originally used to pull carts full of fresh fish from
Boulogne to
Paris, but today is bred mainly for
horsemeat. It has also been used to create and refine several other draft breeds.
The Carolina Marsh Tacky or Marsh Tacky is a rare breed of
horse, native to
South Carolina. It is a member of the
Colonial Spanish group of horse breeds, which also include the
Florida Cracker Horse and the
Banker horse of North Carolina. It is a small horse, well adapted for use in the lowland swamps of its native South Carolina. The Marsh Tacky developed from Spanish horses brought to the South Carolina coast by Spanish explorers, settlers and traders as early as the 16th century. The horses were used by the colonists during the
American Revolution, and by South Carolinians for farm work, herding cattle and hunting throughout the breed's history.
The Trait du Nord is a
breed of heavy
draft horse developed and bred in
France.The breed is large, with stallions weighing upwards of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb), and is bred for traction ability and pulling power. Developed in the rich
Flemish grasslands, especially the
Hainaut border region, it was bred for size and pulling power. The Trait du Nord was also used extensively in
mining through a greater part of the nineteenth century. During the mid twentieth century, the breed was in demand for the production of
horse meat, and due to this became larger and heavier as higher production was demanded. In the early 1970s, the demand for horse meat began to decline and it wasn't until the 1990s that the breed experienced a slight revival through an increased interest in recreational riding and driving.
The breed is considered to be endangered, with fewer than 100 new foal births a year. The national breed registry in France is working with local initiatives in an attempt to promote this breed and bring breeding numbers back up. The breed currently has a high risk for
inbreeding, due to the low number of breeding stallions, and is also at risk for extinction.
The Florida Cracker Horse is a breed of
horse from
Florida in the United States. It is genetically and physically similar to many other Spanish-style horses, especially those from the
Spanish Colonial Horse group. The Florida Cracker is a
gaited breed known for its agility and speed. Horses were first brought to Florida by the Spanish in the early 1500s, where they were used extensively for herding cattle. These horses developed into the Florida Cracker type seen today, and continued to be used by Florida cowboys (known as "crackers") until the 1930s. At this point they were superseded by
American Quarter Horses needed to work larger cattle brought to Florida during the
Dust Bowl, and population numbers declined precipitously. Through the efforts of several private families and the Florida government, the breed was saved from extinction, but there is still concern about its low numbers. Both the
American Livestock Breeds Conservancy and the
Equus Survival Trust consider breed numbers to be at a critical point.
The Narragansett Pacer was the first
horse breed developed in the United States, but is now extinct. It was developed in the United States during the 18th century and associated closely with the state of
Rhode Island, and it had become extinct by the late 19th century. The Pacer was developed from a mix of English and
Spanish breeds, although the exact cross is unknown, and they were known to and owned by many famous personages of the day, including
George Washington. Sales to the Caribbean and cross-breeding diminished the breed to the point of extinction, and the last known Pacer died around 1880.
The Narragansett was possibly an
ambling horse, rather than a true
pacing breed. It was known as a sure footed, dependable breed, although not flashy or always good looking. Pacers were used for racing and general riding. They were frequently crossed with other breeds, and provided the foundation for several other American breeds, including the
American Saddlebred,
Standardbred and
Tennessee Walking Horse.
The Chincoteague Pony, also known as the Assateague horse, is a
breed of
pony that developed and lives in a
feral condition. Although popularly known as Chincoteague ponies, the
feral ponies actually live on Assateague Island that lies in the states of
Virginia and
Maryland. The breed was made famous by the Misty of Chincoteague series written by
Marguerite Henry starting in 1947. Several legends are told regarding the origins of the Chincoteague, with the most popular being that they descend from survivors of wrecked Spanish
galleons off the Virginia coast. It is more likely that they descend from stock released on the island by 17th century colonists looking to escape livestock laws and taxes on the mainland. In 1835, the practice of
pony penning appeared, and in 1924 the first official "Pony Penning Day" was held by the
Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Company, where ponies were auctioned as a way to raise money for fire equipment. The annual event has continued to the present day. While only around 300 ponies live on Assateague Island, around 1,000 more live off-island, having been purchased or bred by private breeders.
The Italian Heavy Draft, or Rapid Heavy Draft, is a
draft horse from
Italy. Generally
chestnut in color, the breed is known for its combination of strength and speed. Its development traces to 1860 and continued through the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its versatility has led to its use in both agricultural and military capacities, as well as for the production of
mules. In the 1970s, selective breeding goals were changed to produce a horse suitable for
meat production, which today remains the primary use of the Italian Heavy Draft.
The American Cream Draft is a rare
draft horsebreed. It is known for its cream color and amber eyes, produced by the
champagne gene. The breed developed in Iowa during the early 20th century, beginning with a cream-colored mare named "Old Granny". The mechanization of farming in the mid-20th century led to a decrease in the breed's population and the registry went inactive for several decades. It was reactivated in 1982 and population numbers have slowly grown since then. However, population numbers are still considered critical by both the
American Livestock Breeds Conservancy and the
Equus Survival Trust.
The Dole Gudbrandsdal, Dølahest or Dole is a
draft- and
harness-type horse from
Norway. The Dole is originally from the
Gudbrandsdal Valley, and is probably descended in part from the
Friesian horse. Over time the breed has had
Thoroughbred,
Arabian and other blood added in, especially during the creation of the smaller harness type in the 19th century. Although originally used mainly as a
pack horse, today the heavier Dole type is used mainly for agricultural purposes. Both types have been crossed with other breeds to develop horses for
harness racing and
riding.
The Jutland horse (
Danish: Den jyske hest) is a
draft horse breed originating in Denmark, named after the
Jutland Peninsula where Denmark lies. Usually
chestnut in color, they are a compact, muscular breed known for their calm and willing temperament. The breed was originally developed for use in agriculture, but today is more often seen in urban settings and at
horse shows. Some of the best known members of the breed are those used by the
Carlsberg brewery for pulling beer wagons in
Copenhagen, at competitions, and for demonstrations. Images from the 9th century show a horse similar to the Jutland being used by
Viking raiders in what is now Great Britain. A
stud book was created in the late 19th century, and the Jutland population grew to a maximum of around 15,000 by 1950. Numbers subsequently declined, and as of 2011 it is estimated that there are only about 1,000 horses remaining.
The Finnhorse is a
horse breed with both riding horse and
draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland. In 2007, the breed was declared the official national horse breed of Finland. It is claimed to be among the fastest and most versatile "coldblood" breeds in the world. The combined breed standard defines the Finnhorse as a strong, versatile horse with pleasant disposition. The average height is 15.1
hands (61 inches, 155 cm), and the most typical colour is
chestnut, often with
white markings and a flaxen mane and tail. Because the Finnhorse breed and its progenitors were the only horses in Finland for centuries, the history of horses in Finland parallels the history of the Finnhorse itself. The documented history of the distinct breed begins at the turn of the 13th century, and an official Finnhorse studbook was founded in 1907. The Finnhorse population plummeted from a high of just over 400,000 animals in the 1950s to a low of 14,100 in 1987. However, the breed managed to survive thanks to its popularity for harness racing and its versatility as a mount.
The Clydesdale is a
breed of
draft horse derived from the farm horses of
Clydesdale,
Scotland, and named after that region. Although originally one of the smaller breeds of draft horses, it is now a tall breed with impressive presence in harness. Often
bay in color, they show significant
white markings due to the presence of
sabino patterning. The breed was originally used for agriculture and haulage, and is still used for draft purposes today. The
Budweiser Clydesdales are some of the most famous Clydesdales, and other members of the breed are used as drum horses by the British
Household Cavalry. They have also been used to create and improve other draft breeds. However, during
World War I population numbers began to decline due to increasing mechanization and war conscription. This decline continued, and by the 1970s, the
Rare Breeds Survival Trust considered the breed vulnerable to extinction. Population numbers have increased slightly in the intervening time, but they are still thought to be vulnerable.
The New Forest pony is one of the recognised
mountain and moorland or native
ponybreeds of the British Isles. Height varies from around 12
hands (48 inches, 122 cm) to 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm). The ponies are valued for hardiness, strength, and surefootedness. The breed is indigenous to the
New Forest in
Hampshire in southern England, where equines have lived since before the
last Ice Age. The New Forest pony can be ridden by children and adults, can be
driven in harness, and competes successfully against larger horses in
horse show competition. The population of ponies on the Forest has fluctuated in response to varying demand for youngstock. Numbers fell to fewer than six hundred in 1945 but have since risen steadily, and thousands now run loose in
semi-feral conditions. The welfare of ponies grazing on the Forest is monitored by five
Agisters, employees of the
Verderers of the New Forest. The ponies are gathered annually in a series of
drifts, to be checked for health,
wormed, and tail-marked; each pony's
tail is trimmed to the pattern of the Agister responsible for that pony. Many of the
foals bred on the Forest are sold through the
Beaulieu Road pony sales, which are held several times each year.
The Cerbat Mustang is a
feral horse breed that originated in Arizona and can still be found on the
Cerbat HMA in that state. Their main coat colors are
chestnut,
bay, and
roan. While their
phenotype is similar to the classic
Colonial Spanish Horse, the actual origin of Cerbat Mustangs is unclear, but they have been identified by DNA testing as of Colonial Spanish Horse ancestry and they are recognized by the
Spanish Mustang registry.
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