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National personification
Jan Matejko ,
Polonia (Poland), 1863. Oil on canvas, 156 × 232 cm,
National Museum ,
Kraków . Pictured is the aftermath of the failed
January 1863 Uprising ; one of the most
patriotic and
symbolic paintings by Matejko. Captives await
exile to
Siberia .
Russian officers and soldiers supervise a blacksmith placing
shackles on the woman (Polonia ). The blonde haired woman next to her represents
Lithuania .
Polonia , the name for
Poland in
Latin and many
Romance and other languages, is most often used in modern
Polish as referring to the
Polish
diaspora . However, as can be seen from the image, it was also used as a
national personification .
The symbolic depiction of a country as a woman called by the Latin name of that country was common in the 19th century (see
Germania ,
Britannia ,
Hibernia ,
Helvetia ).
Personifications of Poland in art
Bernardo Morando Polonia ,
Old Lublin Gate in
Zamość , 1588
Ary Scheffer Polonia , 1831
Horace Vernet Polish Prometheus , 1831
Jan Matejko Polonia , Illustration to
Zygmunt Krasiński 's "Psalmy Przeszłości" ("Psalms of the past"), 1861
Artur Grottger Polonia , 1863
[1]
Jan Matejko Rok 1863. Zakuwana Polska ("Year 1863 - Polonia enchained"), 1864
[1]
Jan Styka Polonia , 1890–91
Stanisław Wyspiański Polonia , 1892-93. Part of stained-glass design for
chancel of
Latin Cathedral in Lviv /Lwów (in
pastel , never realized in glass)
[1]
Jacek Malczewski In the Dust Cloud , 1893
[2]
Jacek Malczewski Hamlet polski - Portret of
Aleksander Wielopolski ("
Polish Hamlet - Portrait of Aleksander Wielopolski "), 1903
[1]
Jacek Malczewski The Fatherland , 1903
[1]
Włodzimierz Tetmajer Alegoria Polski umarłej ("Allegory of Dead Poland"), St. Nicholas Cathedral in
Kalisz , 1909
Jacek Malczewski Polonia , 1914
Władysław Skoczylas Polonia , 1915
Jacek Mierzejewski Polonia , 1915
Jacek Malczewski Polonia II , 1918
Leszek Sobocki Polonia , 1982
Edward Dwurnik Polonia , 1984
Gallery
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