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Genus of March flies
Close-up of head,
P. nearctica
Plecia is a genus of March flies (
Bibionidae ) comprising many species, both
extant and fossilised.
Species
Extant species
P. acutirostris Luo & Yang, 1988
P. adiastola
Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
P. affinidecora Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. americana Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. amplipennis
Skuse , 1888
[4]
P. aruensis
Edwards , 1925
[5]
P. angularis Luo & Yang, 1988
P. avicephaliforma Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. bicuspidata Luo & Yang, 1988
P. bifida Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. bifoliolata Luo & Yang, 1988
P. bisulca Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. boliviana Fitzgerald, 1998
P. chinensis Hardy, 1949
P. crenula Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. curtispina Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. cuspidata Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. digitiformis Luo & Yang, 1988
P. dileracabilis Yang & Luo, 1989
P. dimidiata
Macquart , 1846
P. duplicis Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. edwardsi Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. emeiensis Yang & Luo, 1989
P. erebea
Skuse , 1889
P. erebeoidea Hardy, 1982
P. forcipiformis Yang & Luo, 1989
P. fulvicollis (Fabricius, 1805)
P. hadrosoma Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
P. hamata Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. impilosa Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. intricata Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. javensis
Edwards , 1925
[5]
P. lateralis Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. lieftincki Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. longifolia Yang & Luo, 1989
P. longiforceps Duda, 1933
P. lopesi Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. mandibuliformis Yang & Luo
P. membranifera Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
P. multilobata Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. nagatomii Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
P. nearctica Hardy, 1940
[3] – Lovebug
P. obtusicornis Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. obtusilobata Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. oculastra Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. okadai Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
P. ornaticornis Skuse, 1889
P. patula Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. pellucida Fitzgerald, 1998
P. persimilis Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. plagiata
Wiedemann , 1824
P. propeforcipata Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. propria Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. protea Fitzgerald, 1998
P. pruinosa Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. pudica Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. punctulata Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. ramosa Fitzgerald, 1998
P. rhinigera Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. rostellata Loew, 1858
P. rufangularis Luo & Yang, 1988
P. ruficollis (
Olivier , 1789) – Harlequin fly
P. rufimarginata Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. rufiscutella Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. rugosa Hardy, 1940
[3]
P. serrifera Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. spilota Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. stricta Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. tephra Fitzgerald, 1998
P. tetrascolata Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. thulinigra Hardy, 1961
P. trifida Hardy, 1968
[2]
P. triquetra Fitzgerald, 1998
P. trunca Fitzgerald, 1998
P. xyele Fitzgerald, 1998
Fossil species
Many fossil species have been assigned to Plecia with ages dating from the
Cretaceous (
Campanian ) through the early
Pleistocene (
Gelasian ):
[6]
Cretaceous
Ypresian,
Allenby Formation , Canada
†
P. angustipennis (Handlirsch, 1910)
†
P. canadensis (Handlirsch, 1910)
†
P. elatior (Handlirsch, 1910)
†
P. minutula Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
†
P. nana (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
†
P. pictipennis (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
†
P. pulchra (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
†
P. pulla (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
†
P. similkameena Scudder, 1879 (Allenby Formation)
†
P. transitoria (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
†
P. tulameenensis Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
Ypresian,
Driftwood shales , Canada
Ypresian,
Horsefly Shales , Canada
Ypresian,
"Mission Creek site" , Canada
Ypresian,
Oise amber , France
Ypresian,
Green River Formation , USA
Priabonian,
Baltic Amber
Priabonian, France
Pribonian, United Kingdom
Priabonian,
Florissant Formation , USA
Rupelian ,
Brunstatt , France
Rupelian,
Corent , France
Rupelian,
Calcaires de Vacheres Formation , France
Rupelian,
Chadrat , France
Chattian ,
Niveau du gypse d'Aix , France
Chattian ,
Camoins-les-Bains , France
Chattian ,
Rott Formation , Germany
†
P. collossea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
†
P. conica Theobald, 1937
†
P. dubia (Germar, 1837)
†
P. exigua Statz, 1943
†
P. gracilenta (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
†
P. grossa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
†
P. hypogaea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
†
P. inflata Oustalet, 1870
†
P. luctuosa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
†
P. luteola Heyden & Heyden, 1865
†
P. lygaeoides Heer, 1849
†
P. macrocephala (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
†
P. morio Heer, 1849
†
P. pennata Statz, 1943
†
P. pinguis (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
†
P. proserpina Heyden & Heyden, 1865
†
P. rhenana Heyden & Heyden, 1865
†
P. sturmi Statz, 1943
†
P. stygia (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
†
P. winnertzi (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
Aquitanian ,
Mexican amber , Mexico
Burdigalian ,
Shanwang Formation . China
†
P. aculeolata Zhang, 1989
†
P. bivalvula Zhang, 1993
†
P. capitata Zhang et al ., 1994
†
P. diatoma Zhang, 1989
†
P. fumosa Zhang et al ., 1994
†
P. gracilentula Evenhuis, 1994
†
P. ludongensis Hong & Wang 1985
†
P. platoptera Zhang, 1993
†
P. rectivenia Zhang, 1989
†
P. solaris Zhang, 1989
†
P. spinula Zhang, 1989
†
P. villosa Zhang, 1989
†
P. vulcania Zhang, 1989
Burdigalian,
Kudia River site , Russia
Burdigalian -
Langhian ,
Cypris Formation , Czech Republic
Langhian,
Chojabaru Formation , Japan
Serravallian ,
Radoboj Formation , Croatia
Serravallian ,
Oehningen beds Member (
Upper Freshwater-Molasse ), Germany
Messinian ,
Monte Castellaro , Italy
Piacenzian ,
Togo Formation , Japan
Pleistocene
Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France
Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of Plecia species.
[7]
Hesperinus heeri (Heyden & Heyden, 1865) (formerly Plecia heeri and syn P. elegantula )
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Plecia .
^ Hardy, D. Elmo (1950). "Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I.". Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society . 14 : 75–85.
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x Hardy, D. Elmo (1968).
"Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea" (PDF) . Pacific Insects . 10 (3–4). Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A.: The Bishop Museum: 443–513. Retrieved 10 August 2017 .
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m Hardy, D. Elmo (1940). "Studies in New World Plecia (Bibionidae: Diptera)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society . 13 (1). Kansas: Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society: 15–27.
JSTOR
25081585 .
^ Skuse, F. A. A. (1888).
"Diptera of Australia. Part I" . Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales . 3 (2): 17–145, pls. 2–3. Retrieved 10 August 2017 .
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b Edwards, F. W. (1925). "Diptera Nematocera from the Dutch East Indies. [II.]". Treubia . 6 : 154–172.
^
Fossilworks Plecia 12 July 2021
^ Skartveit, J.; Wedmann, S. (2021). "A revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany". Zootaxa . 4909 (1): 1–77.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1 .