Peruvian sedimentary basin
Pisco Basin (
Spanish : Cuenca de Pisco ) is a
sedimentary basin extending over 300 kilometres (190 mi) in southwestern Peru.
[1] The basin has a 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) thick sedimentary fill, which is about half the thickness of more northern
foreland basins in Peru.
[2]
The oldest known sediments are the
Eocene
sandstones of the
Caballas Formation , while the youngest deposits, the fossiliferous
Pisco Formation , date to the
Early Pleistocene .
[2]
[note 1] In relation to present-day, topography the fill of Pisco Basin makes the upper part of the
Coastal Cordillera of southern Peru , the coastal plains, the
Ica-Nazca Depression and the Andean foothills.
[3]
The basin is renowned for hosting various highly fossiliferous
stratigraphic units ; the Pisco Formation has provided a wealth of marine mammals (including sloths), birds, fish and other groups, as have the
Chilcatay ,
Otuma and
Paracas Formations .
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy of Pisco Basin
[note 2]
Age
[2]
[5]
SALMA
[note 3]
Units
[2]
[5]
Environment
[2]
[5]
Lithology
[2]
[5]
[6]
Pleistocene
Uquian
Pisco
Lagoonal to near-shore
Bioclastic
conglomerate ,
sandstone
Middle Miocene
Colloncuran
Early Miocene
Colhuehuapian
Chilcatay
Marine
Siltstone , sandstone
Late Oligocene
Deseadan
Early Oligocene
Late Eocene
Tinguirirican
Divisaderan
Otuma
Marine embayment
Bioclastic sandstone, sandstone, silty sandstone,
mudstone ,
dolomitic sediment
Late Eocene
Divisaderan
Paracas
Yumaque
Mudrock,
phosphatic shale,
diatomite ,
porcellanite ,
chert
Late Eocene
Mustersan
Los Choros
Inner shelf ,
shoreface ,
intertidal
Bioclastic conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudrock
Eocene
Casamayoran
Caballas
Fluvial
Sandstone,
tuff ,
coal
Tectonic and sedimentary evolution
The basin developed in a setting of
extensional tectonics from Eocene to the Late Miocene with short-lived episode of basin inversion in the Middle Miocene.
[7] Late Pliocene and
Pleistocene uplift of the basin may be consequence of the
subduction of
Nazca Ridge .
[2]
[8]
Sedimentary strata of the basin shows evidence for a series of
marine transgressions during the last
50 million years .
[9] These marine transgressions occurred in a sequence 41-34
Ma , 31-28 Ma, 25-16 Ma, 15-11 Ma, 10-5 Ma, and 4-2 Ma.
[9] The end of most of the marine transgressions is thought to be associated either with
global sea level falls or
compressional events in the Andes .
[9]
Oligo-Miocene transgression
The marine
Oligo -
Miocene (25–16 Ma
[9] ) marine transgression is evidenced by a series of
sedimentary strata containing fossils of marine
diatoms ,
Peruchilus snails and
Pitar and
Cucullaea clams.
[10] Oligo-Miocene marine environments in the Pisco Basin range from littoral to
shelf .
[10]
Moquegua Basin southeast of Pisco Basin appear to have been unaffected by the transgression.
[10]
Within the
Andean margin contemporary marine transgressions are also known from southern Chile, Patagonia and Colombia.
[10] As such the marine transgression is thought to represent a regional phenomenon with the steadily rising central Andes being an exception.
[10]
Paleontology
Pisco Formation
Chilcatay Formation
Group
Fossils
Notes
Mammals
Chilcacetus cavirhinus ,
Huaridelphis raimondii ,
Incacetus broggii ,
Inticetus vertizi ,
Macrosqualodelphis ukupachai ,
Notocetus vanbenedeni ,
cf. Kentriodon sp. ,
Cetotheriidae indet. ,
Eurhinodelphinidae indet. ,
Mysticeti indet. ,
Odontoceti indet. ,
Pinnipedia indet. ,
Physeteroidea indet. ,
Squalodelphinidae indet.
Birds
Palaeospheniscus sp.
Reptiles
Testudines indet.
Fish
Carcharhinus cf. brachurus ,
Carcharodon hastalis ,
Carcharodon subauriculatus ,
Hemipristis cf. serra ,
Isurus desori
Otuma Formation
Paracas Formation
See also
Notes and references
Notes
References
^ Solís Mundaca, 2018, p.1
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g Dunbar et al., 1990
^ León et al. 2007, p. 7.
^ León et al. 2007, p. 44.
^
a
b
c
d DeVries et al., 2017
^ León et al. 2007, p. 45.
^ León et al. 2007, p. 146.
^ León et al. 2007, p. 145.
^
a
b
c
d DeVries, 1998
^
a
b
c
d
e Macharé et al., 1988
^
a
b
Ullujaya at
Fossilworks .org
^
Ullujaya 2 at
Fossilworks .org
^
a
b
Santa Rosa at
Fossilworks .org
^
a
b
Zamaca at
Fossilworks .org
^
Cerro Buque M2 at
Fossilworks .org
^
Cerro Buque M8 at
Fossilworks .org
^
Paracas Bay at
Fossilworks .org
^
Archaeocete Valley, Otuma, AV-10 at
Fossilworks .org
^
Ullujaya Valley at
Fossilworks .org
^
Bajada del Diablo at
Fossilworks .org
^
a
b
Paracas Reserve at
Fossilworks .org
^
Archaeocete Valley at
Fossilworks .org
^
Archaeocete Valley, Paracas, AV-17 at
Fossilworks .org
^
Archaeocete Valley, Paracas, AV-19 at
Fossilworks .org
^
a
b Lambert et al., 2017
^ Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Di Celma, Claudio; Steurbaut, Etienne; Urbina, Mario; de Muizon, Christian (2019).
"An Amphibious Whale from the Middle Eocene of Peru Reveals Early South Pacific Dispersal of Quadrupedal Cetaceans" . Current Biology . 29 (8): 1352–1359.e3.
doi :
10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.050 .
hdl :
11581/425570 .
ISSN
0960-9822 .
^ Bianucci, Giovanni; Lambert, Olivier; Urbina, Mario; Merella, Marco; Collareta, Alberto; Bennion, Rebecca; Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Benites-Palomino, Aldo; Post, Klaas; de Muizon, Christian; Bosio, Giulia; Di Celma, Claudio; Malinverno, Elisa; Pierantoni, Pietro Paolo; Villa, Igor Maria (2023-08-02).
"A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology" . Nature : 1–6.
doi :
10.1038/s41586-023-06381-1 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
^
Quebrada Perdida at
Fossilworks .org
^ Collareta, Alberto; Tejada-Medina, Luz; Chacaltana-Budiel, César; Landini, Walter; Altamirano-Sierra, Alí; Urbina-Schmitt, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2020-03-17).
"A rhinopristiform sawfish (genus Pristis) from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of southern Peru and its regional implications" . Carnets Geol . 20 (05): 91.
doi :
10.4267/2042/70759 .
hdl :
20.500.12544/2621 .
ISSN
1634-0744 .
Bibliography
Stratigraphy
Geology publications
Paleontology publications
Further reading
Chilcatay Formation
Bianucci, Giovanni; Giulia Bosio; Elisa Malinverno; Christian De Muizon; Igor M. Villa; Mario Urbina, and Olivier Lambert. 2018. A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology. Royal Society Open Science 5(4). 172302. Accessed 2019-02-11.
De la Cruz, Aldo Alván. 2008.
Geología de Ocucaje: aportes en la sedimentología y paleontología de Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú) . Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG 11. 51–59. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Lambert, Olivier; Christian De Muizon; Elisa Malinverno; Claudio Di Celma; Mario Urbina, and Giovanni Bianucci. 2017.
A new odontocete (toothed cetacean) from the Early Miocene of Peru expands the morphological disparity of extinct heterodont dolphins .
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16(12). 981–1016. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Lambert, Olivier; Giovanni Bianucci, and Mario Urbina. 2014.
Huaridelphis raimondii , a new early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru .
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34(5). 987–1004. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Paracas Group
Pisco Formation
Altamirano Sierra, Alí J. 2013.
Primer registro de pelicano (Aves: Pelecanidae) para el Mioceno tardio de la formacion Pisco, Peru . Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines 42. 1–12. Accessed 2017-09-04.
Báez Gómez, Diego A. 2006.
Estudio paleoambiental de la formación Pisco:: Localidad Ocucaje . Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG 9. 64–69. Accessed 2017-09-04.
Bianucci, Giovanni; Claudio Di Celma; Mario Urbina, and Olivier Lambert. 2016.
New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) .
PeerJ 4. e2479. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Brand, Leonard; Mario Urbina; Arthur Chadwick; Thomas J. DeVries, and Raul Esperante. 2011.
A high resolution stratigraphic framework for the remarkable fossil cetacean assemblage of the Miocene/Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru .
Journal of South American Earth Sciences 31(4). 414–425. Accessed 2017-10-01.
Collareta, Alberto; Olivier Lambert; Christian De Muizon; Mario Urbina, and Giovanni Bianucci. 2017.
Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru .
Fossil Record 20(2). 259–278. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Lambert, Olivier; Giovanni Bianucci; Mario Urbina, and Jonathan H. Geisler. 2017. A new inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from the Miocene of Peru and the origin of modern dolphin and porpoise families.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179(4). 919–946. .
Marx, Felix G.; Olivier Lambert, and Christian De Muizon. 2017.
A new Miocene baleen whale from Peru deciphers the dawn of cetotheriids .
Royal Society Open Science 4(9). 170560. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Marx, Felix G., and Naoki Kohno. 2016.
A new Miocene baleen whale from the Peruvian desert .
Royal Society Open Science 3(10). 160542. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Poma Porras, Orlando; Edgard Horna Santillán, and Raúl Esperante. 2009.
Baleen Fósil (Cetacea: mysticeti) en Sedimentos de la Cuenca Marina del Neógeno en la Formación Pisco, al Sur del Perú . Revista de Investigación Universitaria 1. 84–97. Accessed 2017-09-04.
Ramassamy, Benjamin; Olivier Lambert; Alberto Collareta; Mario Urbina, and Giovanni Bianucci. 2018.
Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius : searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities .
Fossil Record 21(1). 11–32. Accessed 2019-02-11.
Solís Mundaca, Flavio Alejandro. 2018.
Bioestratigrafía e implicancias paleoceanográficas de las diatomeas de la sección Cerro Caucato, Formación Pisco, Ica, Peru (MSc. thesis) , 1–158.
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia . Accessed 2018-09-10.
Stucchi, Marcelo; Steven D. Emslie; Rafael M. Varas Malca, and Mario Urbina Schmitt. 2015a.
A new late Miocene condor (Aves, Cathartidae) from Peru and the origin of South American condors .
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(5). e972507. Accessed 2019-02-13.
Stucchi, Marcelo; Rafael M. Varas Malca, and Mario Urbina Schmitt. 2015b.
New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean .
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61(2). 417–427. Accessed 2019-02-13.
Stucchi, M. 2007.
Los pingüinos de la Formación Pisco (Neógeno), Perú . 4th European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 8. 367–373. Accessed 2017-09-04.
Sedimentary basins of Peru
Onshore
Offshore