| Pidgin Fijian | |
|---|---|
Fijian-based
pidgin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog |
pidg1237 |
Pidgin Fijian (also known as Jargon Fijian, Fijian Pidgin, Broken Fijian) was a plantation language used by iTaukei (Indigenous) Fijians and foreigners in Fiji's plantations. [1]
History
Indigenous Fijians first came into contact with Europeans in 1800s when a few sailors were stranded in a shipwreck. [1] After that initial incident, contact between Indigenous Fijians and Europeans became common. The Europeans then started to exploit Fiji's resources. [2] The cotton plantation industry began in the 1860s. [1] The development of Pidgin Fiji is correlated with the development of plantation agriculture in Fiji. [1]
At this point, the Europeans only used Fijian labourers and needed a form of communication to use between them. [1] The cotton industry collapsed in 1870, but the European settlers found other crops, such as sugar, to farm. [3] The plantation industry then grew, compelling the European settlers to recruit more labourers from neighbouring Pacific Islands. [3]
The new labour workers came from various islands with around 180 different languages. [3] Because there was a need for communication and there was no mutually intelligible language between all, Jargon Fijian was modified and became the lingua franca on the plantations. [3]
The sugar plantation industry rapidly grew. With a higher demand for labourers, the European settlers recruited labourers from India. [3] Between 1879 and 1916, over 60 000 Indians from vast areas of India were brought to Fiji as labour workers. [4] Jargon Fijian was being used more often, leading to its pidginization. [1]
Features
Pidgin Fijian began as a jargon and developed into a pidgin but never extended further into an extended pidgin or pidgin creole. [4] Pidgin Fijian has features that can trace to simplifications made by Indigenous Fijians to make it easier for foreigners to learn. [1] There is evidence of modifications that were errors made by Europeans and other foreigners. [1]
English was not a target language in Pidgin Fijian. [1] The European settlers were given orders to learn the language of the labourers and believed that non-Europeans should not learn English to put them in their "place." [1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Siegel, Jeff (1987). Language contact in a plantation environment: a sociolinguistic history of Fiji. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521325776.
- ^ Siegel, Jeff (1985). Plantation languages in Fiji (Thesis). The Australian National University. pp. xvii, 368 leaves. doi: 10.25911/5D723A3CECB53.
- ^ a b c d e Mangubhai, Francis; Mugler, France (December 2003). "The Language Situation in Fiji". Current Issues in Language Planning. 4 (3–4): 367–459. doi: 10.1080/14664200308668058. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 145577377.
- ^ a b Siegel, Jeff (1982). "Plantation Pidgin Fijian". Oceanic Linguistics. 21 (1/2): 1–72. doi: 10.2307/3623154. JSTOR 3623154.