Phenuiviridae | |
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Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle | |
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
Class: | Ellioviricetes |
Order: | Bunyavirales |
Family: | Phenuiviridae |
Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales. [1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Member genus Phlebovirus is the only genus of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus) [2] except Dabie bandavirus. [3]
Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12). [2]
Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family. [4] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. [1]
Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment ( nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases. [5] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome. [2]
RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated. [5] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript. [2]
The following genera are recognized: [6]