Penguin Bank is the name given to a now-submerged shield volcano of the Hawaiian Islands. Its coral-capped remains lie immediately west of the island of Molokaʻi, under relatively shallow water (see bathymetric map at the right).
Geology
The Penguin Bank volcano is part of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain. It was one of the seven principal Cenozoic Era volcanoes that formerly constituted the prehistoric island of Maui Nui, along with West Molokaʻi, East Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, West Maui, East Maui, and Kahoʻolawe. The date of the last eruption is unknown.
There is a visible appearance a landslide that may have occurred on the southern part of the Penguin Bank volcano, alongside the border the nearby Lanai volcano between roughly 300,000 to 700,000 years ago (unconfirmed). The probable cause for such a collapse is likely due to the massive amounts of erosion of the layers of basalt which were laid on unstable Pillow Basalt and loose sand that had built up in the earlier stages of the shield building process. It is reasonable to think this landslide had occurred when Penguin Bank was still above the surface.
Boundary area
Penguin Bank is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide and less than 200 feet (61 m) deep. [1] The site coordinates are: NW ( 21°03′N 157°42′W / 21.050°N 157.700°W); NE ( 21°12′N 157°24′W / 21.200°N 157.400°W); SW ( 20°54′N 157°36′W / 20.900°N 157.600°W); and SE ( 21°03′N 157°21′W / 21.050°N 157.350°W). [2]
Conservation
Plans to build wind turbines on Penguin Bank were called off in April 2009, because the site is located in the heart of the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, requiring a lease from the then-active Minerals Management Service (MMS). However, the MMS would not issue leases within marine sanctuaries, effectively killing the project. [3]
References
- ^ "Project Site: Penguin Bank, Hawaii". Grays Harbor Ocean Energy Company. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ "Gridded bathymetry of Penguin Bank, Hawaii, USA". University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. 14 November 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ Perez, Rob (21 April 2009). "Penguin Bank project called off". The Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
21°03′N 157°42′W / 21.050°N 157.700°W
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