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Genus of shrubs
Parthenium is a genus of
North American annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, and shrubs in the tribe
Heliantheae within the family
Asteraceae and subfamily
Asteroideae .
[4]
[2]
[3]
[5]
The name Parthenium is an evolution of the
Ancient Greek name παρθένιον (parthenion ), which referred to
Tanacetum parthenium .
[6]
[7]
[8] The name is possibly derived from the
Greek word παρθένος (parthenos ) which means "virgin".
[5]
Members of the genus are commonly known as feverfew .
[9] Notable species include guayule (
P. argentatum ) which has been used as a rubber substitute, especially during the Second World War;
[10] and also
P. hysterophorus , a serious invasive species in the
Old World .
[11]
Species
These include:
[3]
Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray – Arkansas River feverfew -
NM
CO
WY
Parthenium argentatum A.Gray – Guayule -
TX ,
Coahuila ,
Guanajuato ,
Nuevo León ,
San Luis Potosí ,
Zacatecas
Parthenium cineraceum Rollins -
Bolivia ,
Paraguay
Parthenium confertum A.Gray – Gray's feverfew -
AZ
NM
TX
Chihuahua ,
Coahuila ,
Nuevo León ,
San Luis Potosí ,
Querétaro ,
Tamaulipas
Parthenium fruticosum Less. - from
Tamaulipas to
Chiapas
Parthenium hysterophorus L. – Santa Maria feverfew, whitetop weed - widespread in
North +
South America ; as an invasive species in India, Australia, and Africa
Parthenium incanum Kunth – mariola -
NV
UT
AZ
NM
TX
Chihuahua ,
Coahuila ,
Durango ,
Hidalgo ,
Nuevo León ,
San Luis Potosí ,
Zacatecas
Parthenium integrifolium L. – American feverfew, wild quinine - from
TX to
MA +
MN
Parthenium ligulatum (M.E. Jones) Barneby – Colorado feverfew -
CO
UT
Parthenium rollinsianum Rzed. -
San Luis Potosí
Parthenium schottii Greenm. ex Millsp. & Chase -
Yucatán
Parthenium tomentosum DC. -
Oaxaca ,
Puebla
Importance
In North America, the
Jicarilla Apache people used
Parthenium incanum for medicine (Opler 1946: 8). The
sap of guayule (
P. argentatum ) is a source of
natural rubber .
[12]
Parthenium hysterophorus is a common invasive species in India, Australia, and parts of Africa. Its pollen can cause
allergies and the sap is toxic.
Gallery
Parthenium hysterophorus in
Achanakmar Tiger Reserve
References
^ lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. fl. n. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 464 (1913)
^
a
b
"Parthenium " .
Tropicos .
Missouri Botanical Garden .
^
a
b
c
Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
Archived 2014-12-27 at
archive.today
^
Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 988 in Latin
^
a
b Strother, John L.
"Parthenium " . In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA) . New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-08-09 – via eFloras.org,
Missouri Botanical Garden , St. Louis, MO &
Harvard University Herbaria , Cambridge, MA.
^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "παρθένιον".
A Greek-English Lexicon . Clarendon Press. Archived from
the original on 2019-07-03 – via the
Perseus Project .
^ Dioscorides, Pedanius (2000).
Materia Medica . Johannesburg, South Africa: Ibidis Press. p. 556.
^ Dioscorides, Pedanius (1829). Sprengel, Curtius (ed.).
De Materia Medica . Leipzig. p. 484.
^
"Parthenium " .
Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 2011-08-09 .
^
Ray, D.T. 1993. Guayule: A source of natural rubber. p. 338-343. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.
^
"Parthenium hysterophorus (herb)" . Global Invasive Species Database . Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2010-10-04. Archived from
the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-08-09 .
^ Ray, Dennis T. (1993). J. Janick; J.E. Simon (eds.).
"Guayule: A source of natural rubber" . New crops . New York: Wiley: 338–343.
Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico . Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.
ISBN
0-89672-614-2
Opler, Morris E. (1946). Childhood and youth in Jicarilla Apache society. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Fund (Vol. 5). Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum Administrator of the Fund.
Further information