The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family,
Papilionidae.
The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across
Asia,
Europe and
North America.[2]
^The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott,
ISBN0-8047-1205-0, 1986
^Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4
pdf
^Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156.
pdfArchived June 6, 2011, at the
Wayback Machine
Further reading
Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parnassiinae.