Parides_eurimedes References

Mylotes cattleheart
	Male
	male, P. e. mylotes, Costa Rica
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. eurimedes
Binomial name
	Parides eurimedes; ( Stoll, 1782)
Synonyms
	Papilio eurimedes Stoll, 1782; Papilio arcas Stoll, 1781 non Drury, 1773 ( preoccupied);

Parides eurimedes is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is commonly known as the mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, and true cattleheart. It is native to the Americas.

Subspecies

In 2004, Gerardo Lamas combined Parides arcas and Parides timias into Parides eurimedes. He lists the following subspecies:^[1]

P. e. eurimedes (Stoll, 1782) (northern Colombia and northern Venezuela)^[2]^[3]
P. e. agathokles (Kollar, 1850) (Colombia)^[2]
P. e. antheas (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) (Colombia)^[2]
P. e. arriphus (Boisduval, 1836) (central Colombia)^[2]
P. e. emilius Constantino, 1999 (western Colombia)^[2]
P. e. mycale (Godman & Salvin, 1890) ( Panama to northern Colombia)^[4]
P. e. mylotes (H.W. Bates, 1861) (southern Mexico to Costa Rica)^[5]
P. e. timias (Gray, [1853]) (western Ecuador)^[2]^[6]

male P. e. timias
Colombia
male P. e. timias
Colombia
male P. e. timias
Colombia
male P. e. mycale
Panama

Description

The wingspan measures 7 to 8.5 cm (2.8 to 3.3 in). P. e. mylotes is black with both sexes having a red patch on the dorsal hindwing. The dorsal forewing of the male has a triangular green patch. The female has a white patch on the dorsal forewing.^[7] A full description (as P. arcas and P.timias) is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)^[8]

Distribution and habitat

P. eurimedes is found in the Neotropical realm from Mexico to northern South America, where it is commonly found in tropical forests.^[7]^[9]

Life cycle

The purple-brown caterpillar is spotted with black. A white lateral stripe is found on each side of the body. The chrysalis is pale yellow green.^[7] Host plants include Aristolochia grandiflora, A. nummularfolia, A. odoratissima, A. pilosa, and A. tonduzii.^[2]

Taxonomy

Parides eurimedes is a member of the aeneas species group^[10]

The members are

Parides aeneas
Parides aglaope
Parides burchellanus
Parides echemon
Parides eurimedes
Parides lysander – Lysander cattleheart
Parides neophilus – spear-winged cattleheart
Parides orellana
Parides panthonus – panthonus cattleheart
Parides tros
Parides zacynthus

References

^ "Parides arcas arcas". World Field Guide. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Savela, Markku. "Parides eurimedes". funet.fi. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
^ Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN 0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 1, female
^ Warren, A. D.; et al. (2010). "Parides eurimedes mycale". Butterflies of America. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ Warren, A. D.; et al. (2010). "Parides eurimedes mylotes". Butterflies of America. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN 0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 24, female
^ ^a ^b ^c Opler, Paul A.; Lotts, Kelly; Naberhaus, Thomas (2010). "Mylotes Cattle Heart Parides eurimedes (Stoll, 1782)". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online
^ Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). "Parides eurimedes (Stoll, 1780)". Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. p. 71. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
^ Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277