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Clade of mammals
Panperissodactyla ("all perissodactyls", alternatively spelled Pan-Perissodactyla
[2] ) is a clade of
ungulates containing living order
Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and all extinct ungulates more closely related to Perissodactyla than to
Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates).
[1]
Groups thought to belong to this clade include Anthracobunia (including the families
Anthracobunidae and
Cambaytheriidae ) known from the
Paleogene of the
Indian subcontinent ,
[3]
[4] as well as the
South American native ungulate groups
Litopterna and
Notoungulata .
[1] Other South American native ungulate groups also possibly belong to the clade, but their placement is uncertain.
[5] The enigmatic aquatic
Desmostylia have also been suggested to be related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover them as members of
afrotherian clade
Tethytheria .
[6] The Northern Hemisphere "
condylarth " group
Phenacodontidae has been placed as closely related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover it as unrelated.
[1]
Classification and phylogeny
History of phylogeny
Panperissodactyla was coined in 2015, to include all mammals more closely related to living perissodactyls than to any other living mammals, following a
proteomic study which found Notoungulata and Litopterna to be closely related to Perissodactyla.
[1] Panperissodactyla is preferred over the older Mesaxonia which was originally coined by
Othniel Charles Marsh in 1884, as equivalent to the modern Perissodactyla.
Richard Owen 's original definition of Perissodactyla included the modern members in addition to the now known to be unrelated
Hyracoidea . The name Mesaxonia was resurrected by Martin S. Fischer in 1989 as a replacement for Perissodactyla.
[4] Perissodactylamorpha a clade coined to include Anthracobunia and Perissodactyla, is thought to be a subgroup of Panperissodactyla, as Anthracobunia is suggested to be more closely related to Perissodactyla than Notoungulata and Litopterna are.
[4]
Taxonomy
Clade : Pan-Perissodactyla (Welker et al, 2015)
[1] (= Panperissodactyla )
References
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i Welker, F.; Collins, M.J.; Thomas, J.A.; Wadsley, M.; Brace, S.; Cappellini, E.; Turvey, S.T.; Reguero, M.; Gelfo, J.N.; Kramarz, A.; Burger, J.; Thomas-Oates, J.; Ashford, D.A.; Ashton, P.D.; Rowsell, K.; Porter, D.M.; Kessler, B.; Fischer, R.; Baessmann, C.; Kaspar, S.; Olsen, J.V.; Kiley, P.; Elliott, J.A.; Kelstrup, C.D.; Mullin, V.; Hofreiter, M.; Willerslev, E.; Hublin, J.-J.; Orlando, L.; Barnes, I. & MacPhee, R.D.E. (2015). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin/'s South American ungulates".
Nature . 522 (7554): 81–84.
Bibcode :
2015Natur.522...81W .
doi :
10.1038/nature14249 .
hdl :
11336/14769 .
OCLC
5837017277 .
PMID
25799987 .
S2CID
4467386 .
^
a
b Chimento, N.R.; Agnolin, F.L. (2020).
"Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals" . Scientific Reports . 10 (1): Article number 13280.
Bibcode :
2020NatSR..1013280C .
doi :
10.1038/s41598-020-70287-5 .
PMC
7413542 .
PMID
32764723 .
^
a
b
c
d Cooper, L.N.; Seiffert, E.R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S.I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S.T.; Thewissen, J.G.M. (2014).
"Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls" .
PLOS ONE . 9 (10): e109232.
Bibcode :
2014PLoSO...9j9232C .
doi :
10.1371/journal.pone.0109232 .
OCLC
5654357491 .
PMC
4189980 .
PMID
25295875 .
S2CID
2989266 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g Rose, K.D.; Holbrook, L.T.; Kumar, K.; Rana, R.S.; Ahrens, H.E.; Dunn, R.H.; Folie, A.; Jones, K.E. & Smith, T. (2019). "Anatomy, Relationships, and Paleobiology of Cambaytherium (Mammalia, Perissodactylamorpha, Anthracobunia) from the lower Eocene of western India".
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 39 (sup1): 1–147.
Bibcode :
2019JVPal..39S...1R .
doi :
10.1080/02724634.2020.1761370 .
OCLC
8696974213 .
S2CID
226263139 .
^ Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Macphee, Ross D. E. (March 2023).
"Did some extinct South American native ungulates arise from an afrothere ancestor? A critical appraisal of Avilla and Mothé's (2021) Sudamericungulata – Panameridiungulata hypothesis" . Journal of Mammalian Evolution . 30 (1): 67–77.
doi :
10.1007/s10914-022-09633-5 .
ISSN
1064-7554 .
S2CID
253433775 .
^ Matsui, Kumiko; Tsuihiji, Takanobu (2019-10-17).
"The phylogeny of desmostylians revisited: proposal of new clades based on robust phylogenetic hypotheses" . PeerJ . 7 : e7430.
doi :
10.7717/peerj.7430 .
ISSN
2167-8359 .
PMC
6800978 .
PMID
31637114 .
^ Qiu, L. (2014-10-08).
"Ancient "Oddball" Mammal Reshuffles Family Tree?" .
National Geographic Society . Archived from
the original on 2014-10-11.
External links
Yinotheria
Theria
Metatheria (
Marsupial inclusive)
Eutheria (
Placental inclusive)
Xenarthra
Afrotheria
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Eulipotyphla (Hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
Chiroptera (Bats)
Pholidota (Pangolins)
Carnivora (Dogs, cats and relatives)
Perissodactyla (Horses, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
Artiodactyla (Pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales and dolphins)
Euarchontoglires
Rodentia (Rats, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
Lagomorpha (Rabbits, hares and pikas)
Scandentia (Treeshrews)
Dermoptera (Colugos)
Primates (lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, humans)