Pannonia Inferior, lit. Lower Pannonia, was a
province of the
Roman Empire. Its capital was
Sirmium. It was one of the border provinces on the Danube. It was formed in the year 103 AD by Emperor
Trajan who divided the former province of
Pannonia into two parts:
Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior. The province included parts of present-day states of
Hungary,
Serbia,
Croatia, and
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The province was bordered to the east (across the Danube) by a
Sarmatian tribe—the
Iazyges. Later, the
Vandals appeared to the north-east.
Settlements
Major settlements in Pannonia Inferior included:
Sirmium (
Sremska Mitrovica) which several times served as an imperial residence for several emperors.
The province was yet again split during the reign of the
tetrarchs into two more provinces,
Pannonia Valeria in the north, with the new provincial capital at Sopianae, and
Pannonia Secunda in the south with
Sirmium as the provincial capital. During the
Frankish period, in the 9th century, the term Lower Pannonia was used to designate eastern and southern regions of Pannonia, including the Slavic
Principality of Lower Pannonia, particularly
Posavina.
^Unless otherwise noted, governors from 106 to 137 are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 281-362; 13 (1983), pp. 147-237
^Unless otherwise noted, governors from 149 to 182 are taken from
Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 250-252
^Unless otherwise noted, governors from 183 to 212 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 277-279
^Attested in office 11 August 192 by RMD V.446 and V.447
^Unless otherwise noted, governors from 215 to 235 are taken from Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, pp. 256f