The Palme d'Or (French pronunciation:[palm(ə)dɔʁ]; English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded at the
Cannes Film Festival.[1] It was introduced in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee.[1] Previously, from 1939 to 1954, the festival's highest prize was the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film.[1] In 1964, the Palme d'Or was replaced again by the Grand Prix, before being reintroduced in 1975.[1]
In 1954, the festival decided to present an award annually, titled the Grand Prix of the International Film Festival, with a new design each year from a contemporary artist.[1] The festival's board of directors invited several jewellers to submit designs for a
palm, in tribute to the coat of arms of the city of
Cannes, evoking the famous legend of
Saint Honorat and the palm trees lining the famous
Promenade de la Croisette.[1] The original design by Parisian jeweller Lucienne Lazon, inspired by a sketch by director
Jean Cocteau, had the
bevelled lower extremity of the
stem forming a heart, and the pedestal a sculpture in
terracotta by the artist
Sébastien.[6]
In 1955, the first Palme d'Or was awarded to
Delbert Mann for his film Marty.[1] From 1964 to 1974, the festival temporarily resumed a Grand Prix.[1] In 1975, the Palme d'Or was reintroduced and has since remained the festival's symbol, awarded each year to the director of the winning film, presented in a case of pure red
Morocco leather lined with white
suede.[1]
As of 2023,
Jane Campion,
Julia Ducournau, and
Justine Triet are the only female directors to have won the Palme d'Or (for The Piano, Titane, and Anatomy of a Fall, respectively). However, in 2013, when Blue Is the Warmest Color won the Palme d'Or, the jury headed by
Steven Spielberg awarded it to the film's actresses
Adèle Exarchopoulos and
Léa Seydoux, as well as the director
Abdellatif Kechiche.[7] This remains the only instance where multiple Palme d'Or trophies were presented.[8] The jury decided to include the actresses in the recognition due to a Cannes policy that forbids the Palme d'Or-winning film from receiving any additional awards. This policy would have prevented the jury from acknowledging the actresses separately.[9]
Regarding the unorthodox decision, Spielberg commented, "Had the casting been 3% wrong, [the film] wouldn't have worked like it did for us".[10] Subsequently, Kechiche auctioned off his Palme d'Or trophy to fund his new feature film. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, he expressed dissatisfaction with the festival's decision to award multiple trophies, stating that he felt they had "publicly insulted" him. He added, "Liberating myself from this Palme d'Or is a way of washing my hands of this sorry affair".[8]
Since its reintroduction, the prize has been redesigned several times. At the beginning of the 1980s, the rounded shape of the pedestal, bearing the palm has gradually transformed to become pyramidal in 1984. In 1992, Thierry de Bourqueney redesigned the Palme and its pedestal in hand-
cut crystal. In 1997,
Caroline Scheufele redesigned the statuette; since then, it has been manufactured by the Swiss jewellery firm
Chopard. The palm is made from 4.16 oz (118 g) of
18-carat yellow gold while the branch's base forms a small heart. The Palme d'or rests on a dainty crystal cushion shaped like an emerald-cut diamond.[11] A single piece of cut crystal forms a cushion for the palm, which is hand-cast into a wax mould and now presented in a case of blue
Morocco leather. In 1998, Theo Angelopoulos was the first director to win the Palme d'or as it appears today, for his film Eternity and a Day.[1]
The presentation of the 2014 Palme d'Or to Winter Sleep, a Turkish film by
Nuri Bilge Ceylan, occurred during the 100th anniversary year of Turkish cinema. On receiving the award, Ceylan dedicated it to the "young people" involved in Turkey's ongoing political unrest, and the workers killed in the
Soma mine disaster, which occurred on the day before the commencement of the awards event.[12]
In 2017, the award was redesigned to celebrate the festival's
70th anniversary.[1] The diamonds were provided by an ethical supplier certified by the Responsible Jewellery Council.[1]
The festival was cancelled midway through to show solidarity with the students and workers who were demonstrating in what became known as the
May 68 movement.[32]
During the 2018 closing ceremony, the jury awarded a "Special Palme d'Or" for the first time ever. Even though the award was not intended to be an "Honorary Palme d'Or" to
Jean-Luc Godard, the move was made as an homage to his career, and as an award to the film itself as well.[115]
In 2002 the festival began to sporadically award a non-competitive Honorary Palme d'Or to directors or actors who had achieved a notable body of work but who had never won a competitive Palme d'Or.[120]