From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator , also known as interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A or P rotein ACT ivator of the interferon-induced protein kinase (PACT ) is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the PRKRA
gene .
[5]
[6]
[7] PACT heterodimerizes with and activates
protein kinase R .
[6]
[8]
PRKRA mutations have been linked to a rare form of dystonia parkinsonism.
[9]
References
^
a
b
c
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180228 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002731 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Entrez Gene: PRKRA protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator" .
^
a
b Patel RC, Sen GC (August 1998).
"PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR" . EMBO J . 17 (15): 4379–90.
doi :
10.1093/emboj/17.15.4379 .
PMC
1170771 .
PMID
9687506 .
^ Ito T, Yang M, May WS (May 1999).
"RAX, a cellular activator for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during stress signaling" . J. Biol. Chem . 274 (22): 15427–32.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.274.22.15427 .
PMID
10336432 .
^ Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC (August 2002).
"The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)" . Biochem. J . 366 (Pt 1): 175–86.
doi :
10.1042/BJ20020204 .
PMC
1222748 .
PMID
11985496 .
^ Camargos S, Scholz S, Simón-Sánchez J, Paisán-Ruiz C, Lewis P, Hernandez D, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Cookson MR, Bras J, Guerreiro R, Oliveira CR, Lees A, Hardy J, Cardoso F, Singleton AB (March 2008). "DYT16, a novel young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism disorder: identification of a segregating mutation in the stress-response protein PRKRA". Lancet Neurology . 7 (3): 207–215.
doi :
10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70022-X .
PMID
18243799 .
S2CID
206157913 .
Further reading
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene . 138 (1–2): 171–4.
doi :
10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
PMID
8125298 .
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene . 200 (1–2): 149–56.
doi :
10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
PMID
9373149 .
Peters GA, Hartmann R, Qin J, et al. (2001).
"Modular structure of PACT: distinct domains for binding and activating PKR" . Mol Cell Biol . 21 (6): 1908–20.
doi :
10.1128/MCB.21.6.1908-1920.2001 .
PMC
86773 .
PMID
11238927 .
Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001).
"Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs" . Genome Res . 11 (3): 422–35.
doi :
10.1101/gr.GR1547R .
PMC
311072 .
PMID
11230166 .
Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, et al. (2001).
"Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing" . EMBO Rep . 1 (3): 287–92.
doi :
10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 .
PMC
1083732 .
PMID
11256614 .
Horng T, Barton GM, Medzhitov R (2001). "TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway". Nat. Immunol . 2 (9): 835–41.
doi :
10.1038/ni0901-835 .
PMID
11526399 .
S2CID
7296195 .
Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC (2002).
"The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)" . Biochem. J . 366 (Pt 1): 175–86.
doi :
10.1042/BJ20020204 .
PMC
1222748 .
PMID
11985496 .
Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC (2002).
"Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein" . J. Virol . 76 (21): 11054–64.
doi :
10.1128/JVI.76.21.11054-11064.2002 .
PMC
136652 .
PMID
12368348 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003).
"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903.
Bibcode :
2002PNAS...9916899M .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.242603899 .
PMC
139241 .
PMID
12477932 .
Yang M, Ito T, May WS (2003).
"A novel role for RAX, the cellular activator of PKR, in synergistically stimulating SV40 large T antigen-dependent gene expression" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (40): 38325–32.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M303420200 .
PMID
12874289 .
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004).
"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs" . Nat. Genet . 36 (1): 40–5.
doi :
10.1038/ng1285 .
PMID
14702039 .
Bennett RL, Blalock WL, May WS (2004).
"Serine 18 phosphorylation of RAX, the PKR activator, is required for PKR activation and consequent translation inhibition" . J. Biol. Chem . 279 (41): 42687–93.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M403321200 .
PMID
15299031 .
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004).
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7.
doi :
10.1101/gr.2596504 .
PMC
528928 .
PMID
15489334 .
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, et al. (2005).
"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4" . Nature . 434 (7034): 724–31.
Bibcode :
2005Natur.434..724H .
doi :
10.1038/nature03466 .
PMID
15815621 .
Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell . 122 (6): 957–68.
doi :
10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 .
hdl :
11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 .
PMID
16169070 .
S2CID
8235923 .
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature . 437 (7062): 1173–8.
Bibcode :
2005Natur.437.1173R .
doi :
10.1038/nature04209 .
PMID
16189514 .
S2CID
4427026 .
Peters GA, Li S, Sen GC (2006).
"Phosphorylation of specific serine residues in the PKR-activation domain of PACT is essential for its ability to mediate apoptosis" . J Biol Chem . 281 (46): 35129–36.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M607714200 .
PMID
16982605 .
Rowe TM, Rizzi M, Hirose K, Peters GA, et al. (2006).
"A role of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein PACT in mouse ear development and hearing" . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 103 (15): 5823–8.
Bibcode :
2006PNAS..103.5823R .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0601287103 .
PMC
1458657 .
PMID
16571658 .
Li S, Peters GA, Ding K, et al. (2006).
"Molecular basis for PKR activation by PACT or dsRNA" . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 103 (26): 10005–10.
Bibcode :
2006PNAS..10310005L .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0602317103 .
PMC
1502496 .
PMID
16785445 .
Lee Y, Hur I, Park SY, et al. (2006).
"The role of PACT in the RNA silencing pathway" . EMBO J . 25 (3): 522–32.
doi :
10.1038/sj.emboj.7600942 .
PMC
1383527 .
PMID
16424907 .
Bennett RL, Blalock WL, Abtahi DM, et al. (2006).
"RAX, the PKR activator, sensitizes cells to inflammatory cytokines, serum withdrawal, chemotherapy, and viral infection" . Blood . 108 (3): 821–9.
doi :
10.1182/blood-2005-11-006817 .
PMC
1617065 .
PMID
16861340 .