| Oxypolis rigidior | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Genus: | Oxypolis |
| Species: | O. rigidior
|
| Binomial name | |
| Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf.
| |
Oxypolis rigidior, known as cowbane, common water dropwort, [1] stiff cowbane, [2] or pig-potato, is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family native to eastern North America. It is a perennial wildflower found in wet habitats. [3] [4] [5] Oxypolis rigidior is poisonous to mammals.
Description
Oxypolis rigidior is 2–6 foot tall perennial herb of eastern North America. Its leaves are compound, odd-pinnate with 7-11 leaflets, and have variable shape. Umbels of 3 mm white flowers appear August to October. Flat fruits with conspicuous "wings" appear October through November. [5] [3]
The variable leaf shape may make identification challenging. Water hemlock, a related very poisonous species, which sometimes even shares the common name "cowbane", is similar, as is the closely related Savanna cowbane ( Oxypolis ternata). [5] [3]
Taxonomy
Two varieties have been described, O. rigidior var. rigidior and O. rigidior var. ambigua. [5]
Toxicity
Both roots and top parts are reported as poisonous to mammals. [6] [7]
Interestingly, however, they are also considered edible and safe by some. [8] [9] Thayer calls them Cherokee swamp potato in reference to their use in Cherokee cuisine and states that “the tubers can used as a potato-like vegetable…fantastic in any way you’d use a potato”. [9] However, he also states that the plant should be gathered with “great caution” due to its resemblance to another plant, water hemlock, which shares the name cowbane.
References
- ^ "Oxypolis rigidior". www.minnesotawildflowers.info. Minnesota Wildflowers. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
- ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org.
- ^ a b c Peterson, Roger Tory; McKenny, Margaret (1968). A Field Guide to Wildflowers Northeastern and Northcentral North America. New York, NY, USA: Houghton Mifflin. p. 52.
- ^ "Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf". USDA. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Weakley, Alan S. (May 2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (PDF). Chapel Hill, NC, USA: The University of North Carolina Herbarium. p. 1236. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ^ Dr. John Hilty. "Cowbane (Oxypolis rigidior)". illinoiswildflowers.info/. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
- ^ Cowbane at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ "BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database". naeb.brit.org. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
- ^ a b Thayer, Samuel (2023). Sam Thayer’s Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. United States: Forager’s Harvest. pp. 424–425. ISBN 978-0-9766266-4-0.