Bridges to Babylon is a studio album by the English rock band
the Rolling Stones, released by
Virgin Records on 29 September 1997. Released as a double album on vinyl and as a single CD, it was supported by the year-long worldwide
Bridges to Babylon Tour that was met with much success.
Unlike the prior several albums, which the production and songwriting team of vocalist
Mick Jagger and guitarist
Keith Richards had co-produced alongside a single outside producer, the Stones brought in an eclectic mix of superstar producers, including the
Dust Brothers,
Don Was, and
Rob Fraboni among others. Similarly, a wide array of guest musicians appeared on each of the tracks alongside band members Jagger, Richards,
Ronnie Wood on guitar and
Charlie Watts on drums. The sprawling album features a wide range of genres, including the Stones-standard
blues rock, sample-laden
hip hop and
rap. The band was once again not on speaking terms during the recording of the album, with Jagger and Richards each recording their parts separately and rarely appearing in the studio together. However, they had repaired their relationship well enough to embark on a wildly successful tour to support the album.
Though critics gave the album mixed reviews, it sold well, reaching platinum or gold status in many markets, and produced the worldwide Top 40 single "
Anybody Seen My Baby?".
Background and recording
Following the
Voodoo Lounge Tour from 1994 to 1995, and the album Stripped, the Stones afforded themselves a brief respite before
Mick Jagger and
Keith Richards began composing new songs together in the summer of 1996, with demos to follow as they met in New York in November and London the following month. Another writing session took place in
Barbados in January 1997.[1]
In March 1997, the band arrived in Los Angeles to start the recording sessions at Ocean Way Studios. After many albums recorded in isolated islands, working in a big city allowed for the contribution of various musician friends of the band. Bridges to Babylon was recorded until July, and the four-month production made it one of their most concise periods of recording in years. The sessions were frequently all-nighters that lasted until Richards got tired by the morning.[1]
Although
Don Was produced again, Jagger arrived before the other members of the Stones to seek local producers. First were
The Dust Brothers, who had impressed Jagger with their work on
Beck's Odelay and the
Beastie Boys' Paul's Boutique.[2] The Dust Brothers' contributions were initially five, but were reduced to three, which marked the only Stones songs to feature
sampling.
Danny Saber and
Babyface were also brought in by Jagger, though the latter's contributions to the track "Already Over Me" were eventually discarded. Richards was not keen on the idea of working with 'loop gurus', going as far as expelling Saber from the studio once he found him overdubbing guitars. Richards brought in
Rob Fraboni for his solo material, and Was made sure to work with Richards and Jagger in separate rooms. Drummer
Charlie Watts would relieve the tense environment by working with percussionist
Jim Keltner, whom he later drafted for a solo project. By the final week of recording, the Stones were not on speaking terms, with Jagger boycotting sessions arranged by Richards' crew and Watts leaving Los Angeles as soon as he finished his contributions.[1]
During the album's mastering, the chorus of the projected lead single, "
Anybody Seen My Baby?", was found to resemble the 1992 hit "
Constant Craving" by
k.d. lang, a discovery brought to Richards' attention by his daughter Angela. Seeking to avoid possible future legal entanglements, Lang and her co-writer
Ben Mink were credited along with Jagger and Richards on the new tune.[3] It reached No. 22 in the UK and also became a U.S. radio rock hit.
Once the Rolling Stones had picked
Stefan Sagmeister to be the album's art director, Jagger told him to seek inspiration from
Babylonian art exhibited at the
British Museum. Sagmeister was most impressed by a
Lamassu sculpture, featuring a lion with a human head and beard, and commissioned artist Kevin Murphy to paint a similar
Assyrian lion in an attack stance. The first million units of Bridges to Babylon were encased in a special manufactured filigree slipcase, that gave the impression that the lion was embedded into the design. The desert background of the cover was extended throughout the booklet, featuring ruins that were the basis for the stage design of the
Bridges to Babylon Tour.[4][5]
Bridges to Babylon, containing an unprecedented three solo vocals by Richards, was released to mixed reviews. It reached No. 6 in the UK, No. 2 in France and No. 3 in the US, where it was certified platinum by the
RIAA in November 1997.[12] As of January 2010, Bridges to Babylon had sold 1.1 million copies in the U.S.[13] Further singles "
Saint of Me" and concert staple "Out of Control" were also minor hits.
By this point, the Stones had become a touring phenomenon. The Bridges to Babylon Tour in 1997 consisted of 108 concerts, with an elaborate stage design Jagger aimed to make similar to
U2's
PopMart Tour.[1] Four of the album's thirteen songs made the tour's set list: "Flip the Switch", "Anybody Seen My Baby?", "Saint of Me" and "Out of Control".
In 2009, Bridges to Babylon was remastered and reissued by
Universal Music.