Osceola Enoch McKaine (December 18, 1892 – November 17, 1955) was an American public speaker, businessman, civil rights activist and political candidate. [1] He was a candidate for US Senate in 1944 as part of a Black-led splinter challenge to the Democratic Party. [2]
Early life and education
McKaine was born in Sumter, South Carolina. [2]: 358 He had a half-brother, Ansley Abraham. [3] He graduated from Lincoln Graded School in 1908. [1]
Career
After working as a merchant marine, he served in the US Army's 24th Infantry then its 367th Infantry [2] during World War I, traveling to the Philippines, Mexico and France, earning the rank of lieutenant. [3] He returned to the US and resided in New York City, where he was "a leading voice and an organizing force" [2]: 358 for the League for Democracy (LFD), a militant organization of black veterans. [4] making public speeches and working as editor of its newspaper, New York Commoner. [2]: 358–59
McKaine relocated to Ghent, Belgium, and owned and operated a supper club / nightclub [3] with a partner. Because of World War II, he returned to his hometown, Sumter, South Carolina, where he headed the local branch of the NAACP. [4]
He conducted a survey to report the disparity of white and black teachers' salaries. [3] He continued to find ways to reduce the unfairness of the disparity which resulted in legal actions that involved Thurgood Marshall. [5]
McKaine was an associate editor of the Lighthouse and Informer, a black newspaper. He was the candidate for US Senate for the offshoot political party, the Progressive Democratic Party (organized by McKaine and Lighthouse and Informer''s John McCray), [5] making him the first black candidate to run for statewide office since Reconstruction. [3] Though unsuccessful against the state's sitting governor Olin Johnston, the candidacy brought attention to the black vote, [3] boosting black voter rolls during the 1940s from 3,500 to 50,000 people. [5]
He was involved in other organizations such as the Southern Negro Youth Congress (SNYC) and the Southern Conference of Human Welfare (SCHW)—its first (and only) black field representative. [6]
McKaine returned to Belgium to his supper club work after World War II.
Personal life
McKaine spoke four languages. [3]
He died in Brussels, Belgium, at age 62 [3] and was buried in his hometown, Sumter, South Carolina, at Walker Cemetery.
References
- ^ a b Richards, Miles S. (2016). "Osceola Enoch McKaine". scencyclopedia.org. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Williams, Chad L. (Summer 2007). "Vanguards of the New Negro: African American Veterans and Post-World War I Racial Militancy". The Journal of African American History. 92 (3). Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 347–370. doi: 10.1086/JAAHv92n3p347. JSTOR 20064204. S2CID 141434030.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Malloy, Daniel (May 7, 2017). "When a Black Man Ran for Senate in the South...in 1944". OZY.com. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ a b Williams, Chad L. (July–August 2012). "Impertinent Questions with Chad L. Williams". Humanities. 33 (4). Interviewed by Meredith Hindley.
- ^ a b c Sullivan, Patricia (1988). "Henry Wallace's Campaign Foreshadowed the Movement as Well as the Rainbow". Southern Changes. 10 (5). Emory University: 11, 16–17. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ Reed, Linda (1994). Simple Decency & Common Sense: The Southern Conference Movement, 1938–1963. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press. pp. XXII, 104. ISBN 9780253209122.